cobbler自动化安装centos-7.2

一、cobbler：

1.cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器快速网络安装的服务，由python开发，小巧轻便（15k行python代码），可以通过PXE的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS，TFTP、RSYNC以及yum仓库、构造系统ISO镜像。 Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

2.cobbler工作原理

1.client裸机配置了从网络启动后，开机后会广播包请求DHCP服务器 （cobbler server）发送其分配好的一个IP 2.DHCP服务器（cobbler server）收到请求后发送responese，包括其ip地址 3.client裸机拿到ip后再向cobbler server发送请求IOS引导文件的请求 4.cobbler server告诉裸机OS引导文件的名字和TFTP server的ip和 port 5.client裸机通过上面告知的TFTP server地址通信，下载引导文件 6.client裸机执行执行该引导文件，确定加载信息，选择要安装的ios， 期间会再向cobbler server请求kickstart文件和ios image 7.cobbler server发送请求的kickstart和os iamge 8.client裸机加载kickstart文件 9.client裸机接收os image，安装该ios image

二、系统环境：

1.版本，ip

[root@liang ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release  CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)   [root@liang ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 [root@liang ~]# ifconfig eno16777736 eno16777736: flags=4163  mtu 1500         inet 10.0.0.134  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.0.255

2.关闭selinux,防火墙

[root@liang ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux  [root@liang ~]# setenforce 0 [root@liang ~]# systemctl stop firewalld   [root@liang ~]# systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service

三、安装步骤:
1.安装epel包

[root@liang ~]# yum install epel-release -y [root@liang ~]# yum makecache

2.安装所需的服务

[root@liang ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart dhcp xinetd tftp-server pykickstart httpd -y

3.启动httpd

[root@liang ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@liang ~]# systemctl enable httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.

4.启动cobbler

[root@liang ~]# systemctl start cobblerd [root@liang ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

5.检查cobbler的配置（按提示将未配置的步骤配置完）

[root@liang ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:     https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. 第一步+第二步： [root@liang ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings server: 10.0.0.134 next_server: 10.0.0.134 manage_dhcp: 1 第三步： [root@liang ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux  SELINUX=disabled [root@liang ~]# setenforce 0 [root@liang ~]# getenforce  Permissive 第四步： [root@liang ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp service tftp {         socket_type             = dgram         protocol                = udp         wait                    = yes         user                    = root         server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd         server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot         disable                 = no（将yes修改为no）         per_source              = 11         cps                     = 100 2         flags                   = IPv4 } 第五步： 下载缺少的文件 [root@liang ~]# cobbler get-loaders task started: 2018-06-08_101543_get_loaders task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Fri Jun  8 10:15:43 2018) downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi *** TASK COMPLETE *** 第六步： [root@liang ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service   [root@liang ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service   第八步： [root@liang ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '000000'                      $1$cobbler$yvUCMps1IlTa5ocamRXv1. [root@liang ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$yvUCMps1IlTa5ocamRXv1."

6.重启服务

[root@liang ~]# systemctl restart xinetd  [root@liang ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

7.剩下提示的步骤可以跳过

[root@liang ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:     https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux 2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

8.配置dhcp(需要改dhcp服务的配置文件，只需要改cobbler的模板)

[root@liang ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template  subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {      option routers             10.0.0.2;      option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;      option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;      range dynamic-bootp        10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;      default-lease-time         21600;      max-lease-time             43200;      next-server                $next_server;

9.同步配置

[root@liang ~]# cobbler sync

10.导入镜像

10.1挂载镜像 [root@liang ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /opt/centos/ mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only 10.2导入镜像 [root@liang ~]# cobbler import --path=/opt/centos --name=Centos-7.2 --arch=x86_64 task started: 2018-06-08_104159_import task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Jun  8 10:41:59 2018) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64: creating new distro: Centos-7.2-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-7.2-x86_64 creating new profile: Centos-7.2-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64 for Centos-7.2-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.2-x86_64/repodata *** TASK COMPLETE *** 10.3镜像存放的路径 [root@liang ~]# ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/                       Centos-7.2-x86_64  config

11.查看cobbler配置

[root@liang ~]# cobbler list distros:    Centos-7.2-x86_64（仓库） profiles:    Centos-7.2-x86_64（配置） systems: repos: images: mgmtclasses: packages: files: 查看具体配置 [root@liang ~]# cobbler profile report Name                           : Centos-7.2-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files                : {} Comment                        :  DHCP Tag                       : default Distribution                   : Centos-7.2-x86_64 Enable gPXE?                   : 0 Enable PXE Menu?               : 1 Fetchable Files                : {} Kernel Options                 : {} Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {} Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks（ks文件路径） Kickstart Metadata             : {} Management Classes             : [] Management Parameters          : <> Name Servers                   : [] Name Servers Search Path       : [] Owners                         : ['admin'] Parent Profile                 :  Internal proxy                 :  Red Hat Management Key         : <> Red Hat Management Server      : <> Repos                          : [] Server Override                : <> Template Files                 : {} Virt Auto Boot                 : 1 Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0 Virt CPUs                      : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw Virt File Size(GB)             : 5 Virt Path                      :  Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512 Virt Type                      : kvm

12.ks文件的配置与存放路径

12.1ks存放的目录（这里使用的上一篇博客的ks文件，本篇博客后面会将ks的内容贴出来） [root@liang ~]# cp ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ 12.2修改ks文件内容（三个地方） [root@liang ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg  # Root password #rootpw --iscrypted $1$eSOV7j.U$/8fVRwXLfG7WvjJ8hb1kU. rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # Use network installation #url --url="http://10.0.0.134/Centos-7.2/" url --url=$tree # Network information #network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 $SNIPPET('network_config')

13.修改cobbler配置

13.1修改ks路径为自定义的ks文件所在地 [root@liang ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.2-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg 13.2修改网卡名称为eth0 [root@liang ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7.2-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0' 13.3查看详细配置 [root@liang ~]# cobbler profile report Name                           : Centos-7.2-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files                : {} Comment                        :  DHCP Tag                       : default Distribution                   : Centos-7.2-x86_64 Enable gPXE?                   : 0 Enable PXE Menu?               : 1 Fetchable Files                : {} Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'} Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {} Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg Kickstart Metadata             : {} Management Classes             : [] Management Parameters          : <> Name Servers                   : [] Name Servers Search Path       : [] Owners                         : ['admin'] Parent Profile                 :  Internal proxy                 :  Red Hat Management Key         : <> Red Hat Management Server      : <> Repos                          : [] Server Override                : <> Template Files                 : {} Virt Auto Boot                 : 1 Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0 Virt CPUs                      : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw Virt File Size(GB)             : 5 Virt Path                      :  Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512 Virt Type                      : kvm

14.同步cobbler配置

[root@liang ~]# cobbler sync

15.新建虚拟机测试

15.1修改显示的模板（纯属装X用） [root@liang pxe]# cat /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template  DEFAULT menu PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/（修改为想要的，我这里修改成博客地址 https://blog.csdn.net/liang_operations/） TIMEOUT 200 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile LABEL local         MENU LABEL (local)         MENU DEFAULT         LOCALBOOT -1 $pxe_menu_items MENU end [root@liang pxe]# cobbler sync

17.ks文件的内容

[root@liang ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg  #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Keyboard layouts keyboard 'us' # Root password #rootpw --iscrypted $1$eSOV7j.U$/8fVRwXLfG7WvjJ8hb1kU. rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai # Use network installation #url --url="http://10.0.0.134/Centos-7.2/" url --url=$tree # System language lang en_US # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # System authorization information auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512 # Use graphical install graphical firstboot --disable # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Network information #network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 $SNIPPET('network_config') # Reboot after installation reboot # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=200 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096 part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1 %packages --nobase  @core  %end