3. elf文件装载
4. 代码实现
elf文件是一种目标文件格式,用于定义不同类型目标文件以什么样的格式,都放了些什么东西。主要 用于linux平台。windows下是PE/COFF格式。
可执行文件、可重定位文件(.o)、共享目标文件(.so)、核心转储文件都是以elf文件格式存储的。
ELF文件组成部分:文件头、段表(section)、程序头
ccs中解析出来的文件头信息
从上图中可以看到,elf文件头定义了文件的整体属性信息,比较重要的几个属性是:魔术字,入口地址,程序头位置、长度和数量,文件头大小(52字节),段表位置、长度和 个数。
几个重要的段:.text(代码)段 、.data(数据)段、.bss段 。
.text:保存程序代码,权限为只读
.data:保存已初始化的全局变量和局部静态变量,可读可写
.bss:保存未初始化的全局变量和局部静态变量。初始化为0的变量也会保存在.bss段。可读可写。
在ELF中把权限相同、又连在一起的段(section)叫做segment,操作系统正是按照“segment”来映射可执行文件的。
描述这些“segment”的结构叫做程序头,它描述了elf文件该如何被操作系统映射到内存空间中。
程序头数据结构
解析的程序头内容
由上图的程序头可知,该elf文件有9个LOAD类型的segment,因为只有LOAD类型是需要被映射的。
我们需要做的是找到这些segment在文件中的位置,并将其加载到对应的内存空间,对于memsiz大于filesiz的部分全部填充为0,加载完之后让程序跳转到入口地址
#include
/**
* hello.c
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
//#include
#define ELF_HEAD_LENGTH 128
#define MAGIC_NUM 0x464c457f
#define SECTION_TABLE_MAX 40
static uint32_t SecTableStrIndx = 0;
uint32_t SecStrTableOff = 0;
uint16_t SecTabNum = 0;
/**elf 文件头和section表解析和检查***/
int check_elf_head(FILE *file )
{
FILE *file_elf = file;
int i = 0;
int MagNum = 0;
unsigned long file_size = 0;
int sechnum = 0;
uint32_t symsize = 0;
uint32_t symoff = 0;
uint32_t nSyms = 0,kk=0;
struct Elf32_Ehdr *Elf_header = NULL;
struct Elf32_Shdr *Section_header = NULL;
struct Elf32_Sym *Symbol_tab = NULL;
//file_elf = fopen(path,"r");
/*文件大小*/
fseek(file_elf,0,SEEK_END);
file_size = ftell(file_elf);
fseek(file_elf,0,SEEK_SET);
printf("file total size is:%ld bytes\n",file_size);
fread(Elf_header,sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr),1,file_elf);
printf("\nSection Name String Table index: %d\n",SecTableStrIndx);
/**ELF header解析**/
printf("Magic:\t");
for(MagNum=0; MagNum<16; MagNum++)
{
printf("%02x ",Elf_header->e_ident[MagNum]);
}
/**确认是否为elf格式**/
if((Elf_header->e_ident[0] == '\x7f') && (Elf_header->e_ident[1] == ELFMAG1) \
&& (Elf_header->e_ident[2] == ELFMAG2) && (Elf_header->e_ident[3] == ELFMAG3))
{
printf("\nThis is ELF file!\n");
}
else
{
printf("\n NOT ELF file!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("\n");
printf("Type: \t%d\n",Elf_header->e_type);
printf("Machine: \t%d\n",Elf_header->e_machine); /* Architecture */
printf("Version: \t%#02x\n",Elf_header->e_version);
printf("Entry point address: \t%#02x\n",Elf_header->e_entry);
printf("Start of program headers: \t%d(bytes)\n",Elf_header->e_phoff);
printf("Start of section headers: \t%d(bytes)\n",Elf_header->e_shoff);
printf("Flags: \t%#02x\n",Elf_header->e_flags);
printf("Size of this header: \t%d(bytes)\n",Elf_header->e_ehsize);
printf("Size of program headers: \t%d(bytes)\n",Elf_header->e_phentsize);
printf("Number of program headers: \t%d\n",Elf_header->e_phnum);
printf("Size of section headers: \t%d(bytes)\n",Elf_header->e_shentsize);
printf("Number of section headers: \t%d\n",Elf_header->e_shnum);
printf("Section header string table index:\t%d\n",Elf_header->e_shstrndx);
if(Elf_header->e_ehsize != sizeof(*Elf_header))
{
printf("\nELF file header size is err\n!");
return -1;
}
if(Elf_header->e_type != ET_REL && Elf_header->e_type != ET_EXEC )
{
printf("file type is err!__FUNCTION__ %s __LINE__ %d\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);
}
/**section header**/
sechnum = Elf_header->e_shnum;
fseek(file_elf,Elf_header->e_shoff,SEEK_SET);
printf("\n/*****section header table****/\n");
fread(Section_header,sizeof(struct Elf32_Shdr),sechnum,file_elf);
printf("[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Al");
for(i=0; ish_name,Section_header->sh_type,Section_header->sh_addr,\
Section_header->sh_offset,Section_header->sh_size,Section_header->sh_entsize,\
Section_header->sh_flags,Section_header->sh_addralign);
if(Section_header->sh_type == 2)/*if symtab*/
{
symsize = Section_header->sh_size;
symoff = Section_header->sh_offset;
nSyms = symsize/(Section_header->sh_entsize);
fseek(file_elf,symoff,SEEK_SET);
fread(Symbol_tab,sizeof(struct Elf32_Sym),nSyms ,file_elf);
}
Section_header++;
}
printf("\n\n*******symbol table******");
printf("\nid size other bind\n");
/*while(kk < nSyms)
{
if(Symbol_tab->st_shndx == 2) //ext
{
printf("[%d] %x %x %x\n",kk,Symbol_tab->st_size,\
Symbol_tab->st_other,(Symbol_tab->st_info)>>4 );
}
kk++;
Symbol_tab++;
}*/
return 0;
}
/*** Program Header Table ,只有可执行文件和共享文件有程序头,linux命令:readelf -l xx 可查看结构***/
void ProgramHeadInfo(FILE *file,struct Elf32_Phdr *ProHead)
{
FILE *file_elf = file;
struct Elf32_Ehdr *Elf_header = NULL;
struct Elf32_Phdr *Pro_header = NULL;
uint32_t phoffset = 0; //程序头表偏移
uint16_t phnum = 0;//程序头表数目
uint16_t phentsize = 0;// 程序头表大小
int num = 0;
Elf_header = (struct Elf32_Ehdr *)malloc(sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr));
memset(Elf_header,0,sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr));
fseek(file_elf,0,SEEK_SET);
fread(Elf_header,sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr),1,file_elf);
phoffset = Elf_header->e_phoff;
phnum = Elf_header->e_phnum;
phentsize = Elf_header->e_phentsize;
fseek(file_elf,phoffset,SEEK_SET);
//fread((struct Elf32_Phdr*)Pro_header,phentsize,phnum,file_elf);
fread((struct Elf32_Phdr *)Pro_header,phentsize,phnum,file_elf);
//ProHead = Pro_header;
memcpy((char *)ProHead, (char *)Pro_header, sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr));
printf("\n/*****Program Headers:*****/\n");
printf("starting at offset: %d\n",phoffset);
printf("Number of program headers: %d\n",phnum);
printf("Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg\n");
for(num=0; nump_type,Pro_header->p_offset,\
Pro_header->p_vaddr,Pro_header->p_paddr\
,Pro_header->p_filesz,Pro_header->p_memsz,Pro_header->p_flags);
Pro_header++;
}
free(Elf_header);
Elf_header = NULL;
return;
}
/**加载elf文件segment 到内存中
返回值: elf的entry point**/
typedef void (*pCALLFUNC)(void);
uint32_t LoadElf2Mem(FILE *file )
{
struct Elf32_Phdr *ProHead = NULL;
struct Elf32_Ehdr *Elf_header = NULL;
FILE *file1 = file;
uint16_t i = 0;
int size=0;
uint32_t addrPoint = 0;
Elf_header = (struct Elf32_Ehdr *)malloc(sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr));
memset(Elf_header,0,sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr));
fseek(file1,0,SEEK_SET);
size = fread(Elf_header, sizeof(struct Elf32_Ehdr), 1, file1);
ProgramHeadInfo(file1,ProHead);
for(i=0;i< Elf_header->e_phnum; i++,ProHead++)
{
if(ProHead->p_type != PT_LOAD )
{
printf("\nnot PT_LOAD %d %d size: %d\n", Elf_header->e_phnum,ProHead->p_type,size);
continue;
}
if(ProHead->p_filesz)
{
fseek( file1,ProHead->p_offset,SEEK_SET);
if((size = fread((char *)ProHead->p_vaddr,1,ProHead->p_filesz,file1)) != ProHead->p_filesz)
{
printf("\nfunction:%s,line:%d, read p_vaddr err!\n",__FUNCTION__,__LINE__);
printf("\nread 返回值%d\n",size);
printf("read(file,ProHead->p_vaddr,ProHead->p_filesz) != ProHead->p_filesz %x p_filesz %d\n",\
ProHead->p_vaddr,ProHead->p_filesz);
//return;
}
}
/**多余的空间写0,做BSS段**/
if((ProHead->p_filesz) < (ProHead->p_memsz))
{
memset((char*)ProHead->p_vaddr+ProHead->p_filesz,
0,
ProHead->p_memsz - ProHead->p_filesz);
}
else{}
}
//pEntry = (uint32_t *)Elf_header->e_entry;
addrPoint = Elf_header->e_entry;
printf("\nEntry point address:%x",addrPoint);
free(Elf_header);
Elf_header = NULL;
return addrPoint;
}
int main(void)
{
char *path ="D:/workspace_v7/test_one/Debug/app.out";
FILE *file_elf = NULL;
file_elf = fopen(path,"rb");
pCALLFUNC pEntry = (pCALLFUNC)NULL;
uint32_t addr = 0;
if(file_elf == NULL)
{
printf("open file err!!%s\n",strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
check_elf_head(file_elf);
addr = LoadElf2Mem(file_elf);
pEntry = (pCALLFUNC)addr;
fclose(file_elf);
pEntry();
}