指令
docker build通过Dockerfile制作镜像
docker build [PATH] [-f Dockerfile]
其中PATH不写，默认执行指令的当前目录，不要用 /,这样将导致整个操作系统复制到镜像中
ENV
定义环境变量
ENV abc=hello
ENV abc=bye def=$abc
ENV ghi=$ab使用环境变量
WORKDIR ${foo} # WORKDIR /bar
ADD . $foo # ADD . /bar
COPY \$foo /quux # COPY $foo /quux.dockerignore
# comment
*/temp*
*/*/temp*
temp?| RULE | Behavior |
|---|---|
| # comment | Ignored. |
| /temp | Exclude files and directories whose names start with temp in any immediate subdirectory of the root. For example, the plain file /somedir/temporary.txt is excluded, as is the directory /somedir/temp. |
| //temp* | Exclude files and directories starting with temp from any subdirectory that is two levels below the root. For example, /somedir/subdir/temporary.txt is excluded. |
| temp? | Exclude files and directories in the root directory whose names are a one-character extension of temp. For example, /tempa and /tempb are excluded. |
FROM 母镜像
FROM [:] [AS ] Dockerfile通过ARG设置编译变量,通过${xxxx}在编译过程中调用
ARG CODE_VERSION=latest
FROM base:${CODE_VERSION}
CMD /code/run-app
FROM extras:${CODE_VERSION}
CMD /code/run-extrasRUN 镜像制作指令
用于制作镜像过程之中，执行指令，比如拷贝文件，删除文件。
RUN [/bin/sh -c | cmd /S /C ]
linux下，默认采用 /bin/sh -c
window下，默认采用 cmd /S /C
RUN ["executable", "param1", "param2"]
不像shell form ,exec form 不用直接通过shell命令运行，比如 RUN [ "echo", "$HOME" ]就不会运行，如果希望exce from像shell form那样运行，必须写成RUN [ "sh", "-c", "echo $HOME" ]
CMD 容器启动默认执行脚本
- CMD ["executable","param1","param2"] (exec form, this is the preferred form)
- CMD ["param1","param2"] (as default parameters to ENTRYPOINT)
- CMD command param1 param2 (shell form)
CMD 节点在Dockerfile只能有一个，如果有多个CMD的话，最后出现的CMD生效，其他的忽略
CMD节点目的是给容器提供一个默认的运行指令。
LABEL 镜像标签
示例
LABEL "com.example.vendor"="ACME Incorporated"
LABEL com.example.label-with-value="foo"
LABEL version="1.0"
LABEL description="This text illustrates \
that label-values can span multiple lines."EXPOSE 监听端口
EXPOSE [/...] EXPOSE 80/tcp
EXPOSE 80/udp容器中定义好监听端口后，在docker run中如果不用 -p 重新指定监听端口，将直接默认端口映射出去
docker run -p 80:80/tcp -p 80:80/udpENV 镜像环境变量
ENV
ENV = ... 示例：
ENV myName="John Doe" myDog=Rex\ The\ Dog \
myCat=fluffy
ENV myName John Doe
ENV myDog Rex The Dog
ENV myCat fluffy 在docker run中可以通过 --env 重写参数
docker run --env = ADD
- ADD [--chown= : ] ...
- ADD [--chown= : ] [" ",... " "] (this form is required for paths containing whitespace)
ADD hom* /mydir/ # adds all files starting with "hom"
ADD hom?.txt /mydir/ # ? is replaced with any single character, e.g., "home.txt"COPY
- COPY [--chown= : ] ...
- COPY [--chown= : ] [" ",... " "] (this form is required for paths containing whitespace)
COPY hom* /mydir/ # adds all files starting with "hom"
COPY hom?.txt /mydir/ # ? is replaced with any single character, e.g., "home.txt"
ENTRYPOINT
- ENTRYPOINT ["executable", "param1", "param2"] (exec form, preferred)
- ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2 (shell form)
WORKDIR
ENV DIRPATH /path
WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
RUN pwd