主要包括两部分,第一部分是对官方文档的简要总结,第二部分是一些实际应用中使用到的随机数he随机数组生成例子, 第三部分是Numpy随机数生成。
Python有一个伪随机数生成模块 random.py 官方文档
用于生成各种伪随机数。
random.randrange(stop)
random.randrange(start, stop[, step])
从给定的范围随机选择一个整数返回。
random.randint(a, b)
返回一个随机整数N,a<=N<=b,等价于random.randrange(a, b+1)
>>> randrange(10) # Integer from 0 to 9 inclusive
7
>>> randrange(0, 101, 2) # Even integer from 0 to 100 inclusive
26
random.choice(seq)
从非空的序列中随机选择一个整数返回,如果序列为空,IndexError。
>>> choice(['win', 'lose', 'draw']) # Single random element from a sequence
'draw'
random.choices(population, weights=None, *, cum_weights=None, k=1)
Return a k sized list of elements chosen from the population with replacement. If the population is empty, raises IndexError. (随机返回一个population的子集,大小为k)
random.shuffle(x[, random])
Shuffle the sequence x in place.(随机打乱序列x的顺序)
这里的打乱是原地打乱
>>> deck = 'ace two three four'.split()
>>> shuffle(deck) # Shuffle a list
>>> deck
['four', 'two', 'ace', 'three']
random.sample(population, k)
Return a k length list of unique elements chosen from the population sequence or set.(从序列population中随机返回没有重复的子集,大小为k)
这里的操作不会改变原来的序列,返回的是一个新的序列。
>>> sample([10, 20, 30, 40, 50], k=4) # Four samples without replacement
[40, 10, 50, 30]
(3)实数值分布应用
random.random()
Return the next random floating point number in the range [0.0, 1.0).(随机返回一个0.0-1.0的浮点数)
>>> random() # Random float: 0.0 <= x < 1.0
0.37444887175646646
random.uniform(a, b)
Return a random floating point number N such that a <= N <= b for a <= b and b <= N <= a for b < a.
随机返回一个属于[a, b]或者[b, a]浮点数。
>>> uniform(2.5, 10.0) # Random float: 2.5 <= x < 10.0
3.1800146073117523
random.triangular(low, high, mode)
Return a random floating point number N such that low <= N <= high and with the specified mode between those bounds. (返回指定上下限,默认中点mode的对称分布)
>>> random.triangular(0.1, 1.0)
0.8049388820574779
random.betavariate(alpha, beta)
Beta distribution. Conditions on the parameters are alpha > 0 and beta > 0. Returned values range between 0 and 1.(返回一个Bata分布)
random.expovariate(lambd)
Exponential distribution. (返回一个指数分布)
>>> expovariate(1 / 5) # Interval between arrivals averaging 5 seconds
5.148957571865031
random.gammavariate(alpha, beta)
Gamma分布,alpha > 0 和beta > 0.
从指定的Gamma分布中随机返回一个数
random.gauss(mu, sigma)
从指定的Gauss分布中随机返回一个数
random.lognormvariate(mu, sigma)
从指定的对数高斯分布中随机返回一个数,sigma>0
random.normalvariate(mu, sigma)
从指定的正态分布中随机返回一个数
>>> random.gauss(0, 1)
0.5188039605184929
>>> random.lognormvariate(0, 1)
1.466980559247035
>>> random.normalvariate(0, 1)
-1.2096733604207723
random.vonmisesvariate(mu, kappa)
从指定的vonmises分布中随机返回一个数
mu 在0~2*pi, 集中参数 kappa >= 0, kappa = 0时, 等价于random.uniform().
random.paretovariate(alpha)
从指定的帕雷托分布中随机返回一个数)
random.weibullvariate(alpha, beta)
Weibull distribution. alpha is the scale parameter and beta is the shape parameter.(从指定的威布尔分布中返回一个数)
>>> import random
>>> s = [x for x in range(0, 10)]
>>> s
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> random.shuffle(s)
>>> s
[8, 4, 1, 5, 2, 0, 7, 6, 9, 3]
# 生成一个【0,10】长度为100的随机序列
>>> random_int_list = []
>>> for _ in range(100):
... random_int_list.append(random.randint(0, 10))
...
>>> random_int_list
[5, 4, 8, 0, 5, 3, 7, 7, 9, 10, 0, 8, 9, 5, 3, 9, 2, 9, 7, 5, 4, 6, 3, 1, 10, 10, 6, 10, 7, 8, 0, 10, 7, 8, 0, 9, 2, 1, 10, 6, 4, 10, 4, 3, 10, 4, 5, 7, 6, 10, 7, 5, 4, 4, 2, 7, 2, 3, 3, 1, 10, 10, 3, 2, 7, 8, 2, 0, 1, 4, 10, 9, 4, 10, 2, 6, 7, 10, 0, 5, 4, 0, 4, 10, 0, 5, 1, 3, 6, 6, 3, 0, 0, 5, 2, 9, 7, 3, 3, 9]
>>>
有时我们想指定一个范围然后从中生成一些随机数,尤其想随机选择一些数据作为训练集,测试集时,有下面两种方式:
第一种方式,指定范围和生成序列大小:
>>> import random
>>> all_num = 100
>>> num = 20
>>> result=random.sample(range(1,all_num),num)
>>> print(result)
[34, 63, 99, 85, 5, 40, 47, 27, 54, 57, 32, 80, 10, 96, 87, 41, 14, 56, 62, 37]
>>> print(len(result))
20
第二种等价的方式:
>>> num_list =[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]
>>> new_list = random.sample(num_list, 5)
>>> print(new_list)
[17, 16, 20, 4, 3]
from datetime import *
import random
for i in range(0, 1):
nowTime = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S") # 生成当前的时间
randomNum = random.randint(0, 100) # 生成随机数n,其中0<=n<=100
if randomNum <= 10:
randomNum = str(0) + str(randomNum)
uniqueNum = str(nowTime) + str(randomNum)
print(uniqueNum)
出自yongh701:Python 利用当前时间、随机数产生一个唯一的数字
https://blog.csdn.net/yongh701/article/details/46912391
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.random.random(1)
array([0.42426594])
>>> np.random.random(10)
array([0.36304824, 0.80458524, 0.0056266 , 0.97748616, 0.91748893,
0.79876095, 0.0248794 , 0.10963302, 0.29487573, 0.79505157])
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.random.randint(0,10)
8
>>> np.random.randint(0,10,8)
array([4, 1, 6, 8, 4, 1, 1, 2])
更多可以参考:
python numpy 常用随机数的产生方法
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37804518/article/details/78490709
numpy中的随机数模块
https://www.cnblogs.com/td15980891505/p/6198036.html