单元测试代码写在src/test/java目录下
单元测试类命名为*Test,前缀为要测试的类名
2. 使用mock方式单元测试
Spring测试框架提供MockMvc对象,可以在不需要客户端-服务端请求的情况下进行MVC测试,完全在服务端这边就可以执行Controller的请求,跟启动了测试服务器一样。
测试开始之前需要建立测试环境,setup方法被@Before修饰。通过MockMvcBuilders工具,使用WebApplicationContext对象作为参数,创建一个MockMvc对象。
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)//这里的Application是springboot的启动类名
@WebAppConfiguration
public class StyleControllerTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext context;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
private ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
@Before
public void setupMockMvc() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build();
}
@Test
public void testSend() throws Exception {
Long id =1l;
//调用接口,传入添加的用户参数
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/style/listStyleById")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
.content(mapper.writeValueAsString(id)))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
}
}
3. 使用Feign方式单元测试
以下是Feign接口的单元测试示例,启动项目,可以测试本jar提供的服务,不启动服务,改为远程服务地址,可以测试远程jar提供的服务
其中
@EnableFeignClients(clients = UserControllerTest.UserServiceFeignClient.class)
类似我们实际应用调用相关服务一样。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = UserControllerTest.class)
@Import({ FeignAutoConfiguration.class, HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.class })
@EnableFeignClients(clients = UserControllerTest.UserServiceFeignClient.class)
public class UserControllerTest {
@FeignClient(value = "loan-server", url = "http://localhost:9070/")
public interface UserServiceFeignClient extends UserServiceClient {
}
@Autowired
private UserServiceFeignClient userServiceFeignClient;
@Test
public void getUser() {
User user = userServiceFeignClient.getSDKUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
4. 使用Http Rest API 单元测试
使用RestTemplate发起GET或POST请求,其中@SpringBootTest这两行注释掉就不启动SpringBoot容器直接进行远程调用测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class LoanControllerTest {
private final static String url = "http://localhost:9070/";
private static RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
@Test
public void test(){
ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.exchange(url + "/loan/getLoanById?id=1" ,
HttpMethod.GET,
new HttpEntity(null),
String.class);
System.out.println("result: " + response.getBody());
}
}