Spring 的application.properties项目配置与注解
一、项目结构介绍
如上图所示，Spring Boot的基础结构共三个文件:
src/main/java 程序开发以及主程序入口
src/main/resources 配置文件
src/test/java 测试程序
二、application.properties 配置文件
默认启动项目的url配置，不需要加项目路径默认为/ 可以自行修改。
端口默认8080 修改端口号为8888
项目名称server.context-path
server.port=8888
server.context-path=/HelloWorld
helloWorld=spring boot@Value("${helloWorld}")根据key-value直接注入helloWorld
@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {
@Value("${helloWorld}")
private String helloWorld;
@RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
public String say(){
return helloWorld;
}
}@RestController的意思就是controller里面的方法都以json格式输出，不用再写什么jackjson配置的了！
启动主程序，打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/HelloWorld/helloWorld，就可以看到效果了。页面输出spring boot
三、@Value将外部配置文件的值动态注入到Bean
配置文件主要有两类：
- application.properties。application.properties在spring boot启动时默认加载此文件
- 自定义属性文件。自定义属性文件通过@PropertySource加载。@PropertySource可以同时加载多个文件，也可以加载单个文件。如果相同第一个属性文件和第二属性文件存在相同key，则最后一个属性文件里的key启作用。加载文件的路径也可以配置变量，如下文的${anotherfile.configinject}，此值定义在第一个属性文件config.properties
第一个属性文件config.properties内容如下：
${anotherfile.configinject}作为第二个属性文件加载路径的变量值
book.name=bookName
anotherfile.configinject=placeholder第二个属性文件config_placeholder.properties内容如下：
book.name.placeholder=bookNamePlaceholder下面通过@Value(“${app.name}”)语法将属性文件的值注入bean属性值
@Component
// 引入外部配置文件组：${app.configinject}的值来自config.properties。
// 如果相同
@PropertySource({"classpath:com/hry/spring/configinject/config.properties",
"classpath:com/hry/spring/configinject/config_${anotherfile.configinject}.properties"})
public class ConfigurationFileInject{
@Value("${app.name}")
private String appName; // 这里的值来自application.properties，spring boot启动时默认加载此文件
@Value("${book.name}")
private String bookName; // 注入第一个配置外部文件属性
@Value("${book.name.placeholder}")
private String bookNamePlaceholder; // 注入第二个配置外部文件属性
@Autowired
private Environment env; // 注入环境变量对象，存储注入的属性值
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("bookName=").append(bookName).append("\r\n")
.append("bookNamePlaceholder=").append(bookNamePlaceholder).append("\r\n")
.append("appName=").append(appName).append("\r\n")
.append("env=").append(env).append("\r\n")
// 从eniroment中获取属性值
.append("env=").append(env.getProperty("book.name.placeholder")).append("\r\n");
return sb.toString();
}
}
Application.java同上文
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=Application.class)
public class ConfiginjectApplicationTest {
@Autowired
private ConfigurationFileInject configurationFileInject;
@Test
public void configurationFileInject(){
System.out.println(configurationFileInject.toString());
}
}
测试结果
bookName=bookName
bookNamePlaceholder=bookNamePlaceholder
appName=appName
env=StandardEnvironment {activeProfiles=[], defaultProfiles=[default], propertySources=[Inlined Test Properties,systemProperties,systemEnvironment,random,applicationConfig: [classpath:/application.properties],class path resource [com/hry/spring/configinject/config_placeholder.properties],class path resource [com/hry/spring/configinject/config.properties]]}
env=bookNamePlaceholder
四、application.properties配置数据库连接
有前缀的属性注入
请求url
mysql.jdbcName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
mysql.dbUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_boot
mysql.userName=root
mysql.password=123456@Component 让spring加载
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Mysql属性配置文件
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@RestController
public class MysqlProperties {
@Value("${mysql.jdbcName}")
private String jdbcName;
@Value("${mysql.dbUrl}")
private String dbUrl;
@Value("${mysql.userName}")
private String userName;
@Value("${mysql.password}")
private String password;
public String getJdbcName() {
return jdbcName;
}
public void setJdbcName(String jdbcName) {
this.jdbcName = jdbcName;
}
public String getDbUrl() {
return dbUrl;
}
public void setDbUrl(String dbUrl) {
this.dbUrl = dbUrl;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mysql") 就是application配置文件的前缀mysql
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Mysql属性配置文件
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="mysql")
public class MysqlProperties {
private String jdbcName;
private String dbUrl;
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getJdbcName() {
return jdbcName;
}
public void setJdbcName(String jdbcName) {
this.jdbcName = jdbcName;
}
public String getDbUrl() {
return dbUrl;
}
public void setDbUrl(String dbUrl) {
this.dbUrl = dbUrl;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}@Component已经变为spring管理的bean了@Resource 直接引入
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {
@Resource
private MysqlProperties mysqlProperties;
@RequestMapping("/showJdbc")
public String showJdbc(){
return "mysql.jdbcName:"+mysqlProperties.getJdbcName()+"
"
+"mysql.dbUrl:"+mysqlProperties.getDbUrl()+"
"
+"mysql.userName:"+mysqlProperties.getUserName()+"
"
+"mysql.password:"+mysqlProperties.getPassword()+"
";
}
}五、spring处理http请求
@Controller 处理http请求的注解，请求后台转发页面
@RequestMapping 映射路径
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/freemarker")
public class HelloWorldFreemarkerController {
@RequestMapping("/say")
public ModelAndView say(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("message", "springboot！");
mav.setViewName("helloWorld");
return mav;
}
}
helloWorld的模板文件
helloWorld.ftl
Insert title here
show: ${message}
@PathVariable获取url参数
@RequestParam 获取get或post参数或者是form和url参数
rest风格的资源url请求
index.html
Insert title here
天天
搜索
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ajax")
public class HelloWorldAjaxController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String say(){
return "{'message1':'SpringBoot你好','message2','Spring你好2'}";
}
}
@PathVariable获取url参数
搜索import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/blog")
public class BlogController {
@RequestMapping("/{id}")
public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("id", id);
mav.setViewName("blog");
return mav;
}
@RequestMapping("/query")
public ModelAndView query(@RequestParam(value="q",required=false)String q){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("q", q);
mav.setViewName("query");
return mav;
}
}blog.ftl
Insert title here
id:${id}