事件源、事件、监听器
- 事件源:发生事件的对象
- 事件:事件封装了事件源,方便监听器的某个方法获取到事件源对象
- 监听器:监听事件源的行为和动作
注:监听器一般都是接口,谁用谁实现。
Servlet规范中提供的8个监听器
监听ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest对象的初始化和销毁的监听器
- ServletContextListener
- void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) :ServletContext初始化
- void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) :ServletContext销毁
使用场景:
应用启动时执行,可将整个应用的初始化代码写到该监听器里
- HttpSessionListener
- void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent sce):第一次执行request.getSession()执行
- void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent sce):HttpSession销毁时调用
注:关闭浏览器不会导致HttpSession销毁;HttpSession销毁时机(超时或者手动调用invalidate()方法)
使用场景:
统计网站在线用户量
- ServletRequestListener
- void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent arg0):用户请求时执行
- void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent arg0):请求结束后执行
使用场景:根据用户访问的url资源id进行页面访问量统计
监听ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest域对象数据变化(增删改)的监听器
- ServletContextAttributeListener
- void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当向应用范围内添加属性时执行
- void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当从应用范围内移除属性时执行
- void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当应用范围内当属性值替换时执行
- HttpSessionAttributeListener
- void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当向会话范围内添加属性时执行
- void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当从会话范围内移除属性时执行
- void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当会话范围内当属性值替换时执行
使用场景:统计在线用户,踢人
- ServletRequestAttributeListener
- void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当向请求范围内添加属性时执行
- void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当从请求范围内移除属性时执行
- void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当请求范围内当属性值替换时执行
感知型监听器(无需注册监听器)
- HttpSessionBindingListener:监听自身是否被添加到量session中去
- void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):绑定时执行
- void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):解绑时执行
- HttpSessionActivationListener:监听自身合适被钝化和激活
- void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0):钝化时执行
- void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0):被激活时执行
HttpSession的钝化和激活
当用户第一次调用request.getSession()时,则会创建session对象,session对象会存储在缓存当中。
- session销毁:只有在session超时和手动调用invalidata()方法时,session对象才会销毁。
- session钝化:将session对象持久化到本地硬盘上(tomcat/work/catalina/localhost/应用名/下的*.ser文件)
1、服务器内存告急
2、HttpSession对象长时间没有使用
3、服务器正常停止或应用被卸载
注:在编写javabean时,最好实现java.io.Serializable接口,若没有实现该接口,则会导致session的激活会失败
在线用户统计及踢人案例
流程分析:
1. 创建HttpSessionAttributeListener
2. 当用户登录成功后,则在session中设置当前用户信息
3. 在HttpSessionAttributeListener的attributeAdded方法中判断并创建Map
4. 展示页面中通过获取ServletContext中的attribute的map集合进行遍历展示在线用户信息
5. 踢下线处理则将目标用户的username作为参数传递给Servlet,在踢下线Servlet中获取全局map,删除对应的session中的目标用户信息,再从map中移除目标元素
示例代码:
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
Insert title here
欢迎您,${sessionScope.user.username}
查看在线用户
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
登录
LoginServlet.java
package com.gaoshiyi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.domain.User;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.service.BusinessSevice;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.service.impl.BusinessServiceImpl;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public LoginServlet() {
super();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;chartset=utf-8");
Map map = request.getParameterMap();
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user, map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
BusinessSevice sevice = new BusinessServiceImpl();
User exitUser = sevice.login(user);
if (exitUser == null) {
response.getWriter().write("用户或密码错误,请重新登录!");
response.setHeader("Refresh", "1;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
return;
}
//进行session的存储
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("user", user);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath());
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
LoginInfoListener.java
package com.gaoshiyi.web.listener;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.domain.User;
/**
* 用户登录信息监听器
*
*/
@WebListener
public class LoginInfoListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {
public LoginInfoListener() {
}
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
HttpSession session = arg0.getSession();
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
Object obj = session.getAttribute("user");
if (obj != null && obj instanceof User) {
//建立Map集合存储用户信息
Map usersMap = (Map) servletContext.getAttribute("users");
if (usersMap == null) {
//同步处理否则会创建多个Map
usersMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());
servletContext.setAttribute("users", usersMap);
}
User user = (User) obj;
if (!usersMap.containsKey(user.getUsername())) {
//若集合中没有该用户则添加
usersMap.put(user.getUsername(), session);
System.out.println("新用户:" + user.getUsername() + "登录...");
}
System.out.println(usersMap);
}
}
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
}
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) {
}
}
online.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
在线用户
当前在线用户列表
用户名
操作
${ um.key }
踢下线
KickServlet.java
package com.gaoshiyi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
* 踢下线处理
* @author gaopengfei
*
*/
public class KickServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public KickServlet() {
super();
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
// username = new String(username.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("被踢用户:" + username);
//获取全局用户登录信息集合
Map usersMap = (Map) getServletContext().getAttribute("users");
if (usersMap.containsKey(username)) {
//先从session中移除
usersMap.get(username).removeAttribute("user");
//再从map中移除元素
usersMap.remove(username);
System.out.println("用户:" + username + "已被踢下线...");
}
response.getWriter().write("操作成功^_^");
response.setHeader("Refresh", "1;url=" + request.getContextPath()+"/online.jsp");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
演示: