Web笔记-Listener

事件源、事件、监听器
  • 事件源:发生事件的对象
  • 事件:事件封装了事件源,方便监听器的某个方法获取到事件源对象
  • 监听器:监听事件源的行为和动作
    注:监听器一般都是接口,谁用谁实现。
Servlet规范中提供的8个监听器

监听ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest对象的初始化和销毁的监听器

  1. ServletContextListener
  • void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) :ServletContext初始化
  • void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) :ServletContext销毁
    使用场景:
    应用启动时执行,可将整个应用的初始化代码写到该监听器里
  1. HttpSessionListener
  • void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent sce):第一次执行request.getSession()执行
  • void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent sce):HttpSession销毁时调用
    注:关闭浏览器不会导致HttpSession销毁;HttpSession销毁时机(超时或者手动调用invalidate()方法)
    使用场景:
    统计网站在线用户量
  1. ServletRequestListener
  • void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent arg0):用户请求时执行
  • void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent arg0):请求结束后执行
    使用场景:根据用户访问的url资源id进行页面访问量统计

监听ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest域对象数据变化(增删改)的监听器

  1. ServletContextAttributeListener
  • void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当向应用范围内添加属性时执行
  • void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当从应用范围内移除属性时执行
  • void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0):当应用范围内当属性值替换时执行
  1. HttpSessionAttributeListener
  • void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当向会话范围内添加属性时执行
  • void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当从会话范围内移除属性时执行
  • void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):当会话范围内当属性值替换时执行
    使用场景:统计在线用户,踢人
  1. ServletRequestAttributeListener
  • void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当向请求范围内添加属性时执行
  • void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当从请求范围内移除属性时执行
  • void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent arg0):当请求范围内当属性值替换时执行

感知型监听器(无需注册监听器)

  1. HttpSessionBindingListener:监听自身是否被添加到量session中去
  • void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):绑定时执行
  • void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0):解绑时执行
  1. HttpSessionActivationListener:监听自身合适被钝化和激活
  • void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0):钝化时执行
  • void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent arg0):被激活时执行
HttpSession的钝化和激活

当用户第一次调用request.getSession()时,则会创建session对象,session对象会存储在缓存当中。

  • session销毁:只有在session超时和手动调用invalidata()方法时,session对象才会销毁。
  • session钝化:将session对象持久化到本地硬盘上(tomcat/work/catalina/localhost/应用名/下的*.ser文件)
    1、服务器内存告急
    2、HttpSession对象长时间没有使用
    3、服务器正常停止或应用被卸载
    注:在编写javabean时,最好实现java.io.Serializable接口,若没有实现该接口,则会导致session的激活会失败
在线用户统计及踢人案例

流程分析:
1. 创建HttpSessionAttributeListener
2. 当用户登录成功后,则在session中设置当前用户信息
3. 在HttpSessionAttributeListener的attributeAdded方法中判断并创建Map是否有当前用户信息,没有则添加,并将该map集合设置到全局属性中
4. 展示页面中通过获取ServletContext中的attribute的map集合进行遍历展示在线用户信息
5. 踢下线处理则将目标用户的username作为参数传递给Servlet,在踢下线Servlet中获取全局map,删除对应的session中的目标用户信息,再从map中移除目标元素

示例代码:
index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>




Insert title here


    
        
    
    欢迎您,${sessionScope.user.username}
    
        查看在线用户
    


login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>




登录


    
用户名
密码

LoginServlet.java

package com.gaoshiyi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.domain.User;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.service.BusinessSevice;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.service.impl.BusinessServiceImpl;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public LoginServlet() {
        super();
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;chartset=utf-8");
        Map map = request.getParameterMap();
        User user = new User();
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, map);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        BusinessSevice sevice = new BusinessServiceImpl();
        User exitUser = sevice.login(user);
        if (exitUser == null) {
            
            response.getWriter().write("用户或密码错误,请重新登录!");
            response.setHeader("Refresh", "1;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
            return;
        }
        
        //进行session的存储
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("user", user);
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath());
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

LoginInfoListener.java

package com.gaoshiyi.web.listener;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import com.gaoshiyi.web.domain.User;
/**
 * 用户登录信息监听器
 *
 */
@WebListener
public class LoginInfoListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {
    public LoginInfoListener() {
    }
    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0)  { 
    
        HttpSession session = arg0.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        Object obj = session.getAttribute("user");
        if (obj != null && obj instanceof User) {
            
            //建立Map集合存储用户信息
            Map usersMap = (Map) servletContext.getAttribute("users");
            if (usersMap == null) {
                //同步处理否则会创建多个Map
                usersMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());
                servletContext.setAttribute("users", usersMap);
                
            }
            User user = (User) obj;
            if (!usersMap.containsKey(user.getUsername())) {
                
                //若集合中没有该用户则添加
                usersMap.put(user.getUsername(), session);
                System.out.println("新用户:" + user.getUsername() + "登录...");
            }
            System.out.println(usersMap);
        }
    }
    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0)  { 
    }
    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0)  { 
    }
}

online.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>




在线用户


    
        
    
    

当前在线用户列表

用户名 操作
${ um.key } 踢下线

KickServlet.java

package com.gaoshiyi.web.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
/**
 * 踢下线处理
 * @author gaopengfei
 *
 */
public class KickServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    public KickServlet() {
        super();
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
//      username = new String(username.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("被踢用户:" + username);
        //获取全局用户登录信息集合
        Map usersMap = (Map) getServletContext().getAttribute("users");
        if (usersMap.containsKey(username)) {
            
            //先从session中移除
            usersMap.get(username).removeAttribute("user");
            //再从map中移除元素
            usersMap.remove(username);
            System.out.println("用户:" + username + "已被踢下线...");
        }
        response.getWriter().write("操作成功^_^");
        response.setHeader("Refresh", "1;url=" + request.getContextPath()+"/online.jsp");
    }
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

演示:

在线踢下线

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