1-2 安装配置Ubuntu

2016年9月6日 11:33:50
主要内容： 安装配置Ubuantu

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 64位镜像地址

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04-desktop-amd64.iso

其他版本地址

http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/

如何安装VMtools

1. 在VMware虚拟机的菜单中点击：VM->install vmtools
2. Ubuntu自动挂载VMware Tools的虚拟光驱,并显示在桌面。
3. 进入Ubuntu菜单：应用——附件——终端。
4. 以下是在终端中安装vmware tools的步骤及命令：

  # 给root 设置密码
  sudo passwd root

  # 切换到 root  
  su

  # 切换到光驱目录
  cd /media/chen

  ls

  # 创建目录并拷贝
  mkdir /test
  cp VMwareTools-6.5.0-118166.tar.gz /test

  # 切换目录并解压
  cd /test
  tar vzxf VMwareTools-6.5.0-118166.tar.gz

  # 切换目录 并执行安装操作
  cd vmware-tools-distrib/
  ./vmware-install.pl

  # 接下来一路回车：enter
  # 安装完毕，输入reboot命令，重起

  # 重启完后 删除刚才的目录
  rm -rf /test

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更新软件源地址

1. 备份当前配置文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

2. 编辑文件

可以追加也可以覆盖 我是直接覆盖了

1. 使用vim 编辑 或者自带的 gedit

sudo gedit sources.list

2. 选择一个跟自己最合适的一组地址复制进文件 然后保存

### 中国科学技术大学更新服务器（位于合肥，千兆教育网接入，百兆电信/联通线路智能路由），由中科大Linux 用户协会和中科大学网络信息中心维护，包含其他开源镜像，Deepin 官方服务器 实际亦指向此处：
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

##搜狐源(山东网通：适合网通用户)
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
##台湾ubuntu官网源
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
##教育网帝都的可以使用北理工的源
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

##网易源(广东电信：适合电信用户)
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3. 更新

sudo apt-get update

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安装配置SSH服务

1. 安装命令

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

2. 查看进程

ps -e | grep sshd

3. 启动

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
service ssh restart # 一样的效果 下同

4. 停止

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh stop

5. 重启

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restop

6. 卸载

sudo service ssh stop #先停止

sudo apt-get --purge remove openssh-server #卸载命令

7. 修改配置

配置地址

/etc/ssh/sshd_config
例如修改端口, 打开文件后 修改 Port 配置