如何解决问题2：寻求解决方案Solving Problems: Generating and Evaluating Alternatives

上一课我们学习了如何解决问题1：构建问题Solving Problems: Framing the Problem

其中提到如下四点：

1. 鉴别利益相关方Identifying the Stakeholders

2. 搜集利益相关方输入Getting Stakeholder Input

3. 确认组织问题Investigating Organizational Problems

4. 采用科学方法去识别原因Using Techniques to Uncover Causes

本次课程：Solving Problems: Generating and Evaluating Alternatives介绍了下寻求解决方案及分析这些方案的方法：

1. Describing the Ideal State

第一步先想象理想情况下的状态

2. Generating Alternatives

通过访谈、焦点小组及头脑风暴的方式尽可能多想解决方案

工具：脑图，头脑风暴的方法论

1) Pop up new ideas 

2) Clarify and asking questions

3) Narrow the list, remind the group of the criteria to consider

4) Advocate for low votes

5) Look for similarity and combination. Voting for the final list by using a show of hands. "does anyone not agree?"

3. Evaluating Alternatives

通过ROI分析、脑图分析、矩阵分析（打分）等方法来定性、定量分析这些解决方案的优劣势

4. Avoiding Problem-solving Traps

这些坑都是在头脑风暴中或组织大家一起解决问题中容易出现的，也要尽量避免的

1) Haven't clearly defined expectations about roles and timing, it's hard for everyone to participate in the process. ---> setting clear expectations up front - - how the process works, and how all the stakeholder input will be used.

2) Lose critical thinking and go along with the most popular decision. ---> Someone(moderator) needs to play the role of devil's advocate and etc, to ensure that all stakeholders' voices are heard.

3) Personal agendas. ---> have people state what they want or need right at the beginning so that common needs can be identified.

4) "Halo and Horns". ---> open to all input and information regardless of its source.

5) insufficient diversity - not enough variety in thinking and problem-solving styles. ---> included a mix of rational, pragmatic, and also nonlinear thinkers, cover all levels person