1.以下是抓取get请求的头信息。可以看到Fiddler抓包工具抓取的内容非常详细，包括请求方法，请求地址，请求协议，请求头，请求体。
image.png
get请求的请求体为null
post请求的请求体截图如下：
image.png
注意WebForms实际上只是表单数据而已，并不是请求体!
image.png
抓取服务端返回的头信息如下：
image.png
2 https请求
OkHttp默认情况下是支持有CA机构颁发的证书。即访问的时候把地址改为https就可以了。
自签名的网站是什么意思？
通过keytool去生成一个证书，然后使用，并不是CA机构颁发的。使用自签名证书的网站，大家在使用浏览器的时候会报“风险警告”，比如访问12306。
- 安全级别一般的app， 使用CA证书或者自定义证书
- 安全级别很高的app，使用双向证书
HTTPS相当于HTTP的安全版本了，为什么安全呢？
因为它在HTTP的之下加入了SSL (Secure Socket Layer)，安全的基础就靠这个SSL了。SSL位于TCP/IP和HTTP协议之间，那么它到底能干嘛呢？
它能够：
- 认证用户和服务器，确保数据发送到正确的客户机和服务器；(如何做到：验证证书)
- 加密数据以防止数据中途被窃取；（如何做到：加密） ----------抓包看的是一堆乱码
- 维护数据的完整性，确保数据在传输过程中不被改变。（如何做到：摘要算法） -------防止恶意广告
服务器端会有一个证书，在交互过程中客户端需要去验证证书的合法性，对于权威机构颁发的证书当然我们会直接认为合法。对于自己造的证书，那么我们就需要去校验合法性了，也就是说我们只需要让OkhttpClient去信任这个证书就可以畅通的进行通信了。
对于自签名的网站的访问，网上的部分的做法是直接设置信任所有的证书，对于这种做法肯定是有风险的，所以这里我们不去介绍了，有需要自己去查。
3 代码
（一）、访问自签名的服务器
首先把我们下载的srca.cer放到assets文件夹下，其实你可以随便放哪，反正能读取到就行。
package com.zhy.http.okhttp.https;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* Created by zhy on 15/12/14.
*/
public class HttpsUtils
{
public static class SSLParams
{
public SSLSocketFactory sSLSocketFactory;
public X509TrustManager trustManager;
}
public static SSLParams getSslSocketFactory(InputStream[] certificates, InputStream bksFile, String password)
{
SSLParams sslParams = new SSLParams();
try
{
TrustManager[] trustManagers = prepareTrustManager(certificates);
KeyManager[] keyManagers = prepareKeyManager(bksFile, password);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager trustManager = null;
if (trustManagers != null)
{
trustManager = new MyTrustManager(chooseTrustManager(trustManagers));
} else
{
trustManager = new UnSafeTrustManager();
}
sslContext.init(keyManagers, new TrustManager[]{trustManager},null);
sslParams.sSLSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
sslParams.trustManager = trustManager;
return sslParams;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
throw new AssertionError(e);
} catch (KeyManagementException e)
{
throw new AssertionError(e);
} catch (KeyStoreException e)
{
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
private class UnSafeHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier
{
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session)
{
return true;
}
}
private static class UnSafeTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException
{
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException
{
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
{
return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[]{};
}
}
private static TrustManager[] prepareTrustManager(InputStream... certificates)
{
if (certificates == null || certificates.length <= 0) return null;
try
{
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
keyStore.load(null);
int index = 0;
for (InputStream certificate : certificates)
{
String certificateAlias = Integer.toString(index++);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry(certificateAlias, certificateFactory.generateCertificate(certificate));
try
{
if (certificate != null)
certificate.close();
} catch (IOException e)
{
}
}
TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = null;
trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.
getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
return trustManagers;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private static KeyManager[] prepareKeyManager(InputStream bksFile, String password)
{
try
{
if (bksFile == null || password == null) return null;
KeyStore clientKeyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
clientKeyStore.load(bksFile, password.toCharArray());
KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(clientKeyStore, password.toCharArray());
return keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers();
} catch (KeyStoreException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private static X509TrustManager chooseTrustManager(TrustManager[] trustManagers)
{
for (TrustManager trustManager : trustManagers)
{
if (trustManager instanceof X509TrustManager)
{
return (X509TrustManager) trustManager;
}
}
return null;
}
private static class MyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
private X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager;
private X509TrustManager localTrustManager;
public MyTrustManager(X509TrustManager localTrustManager) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException
{
TrustManagerFactory var4 = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
var4.init((KeyStore) null);
defaultTrustManager = chooseTrustManager(var4.getTrustManagers());
this.localTrustManager = localTrustManager;
}
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException
{
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException
{
try
{
defaultTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
} catch (CertificateException ce)
{
localTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
}
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
{
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
}
}
客户端如何使用
HttpsUtils.SSLParams sslParams = HttpsUtils.getSslSocketFactory(getAssets().open("srca.cer"), null, null);
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(10000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.readTimeout(10000L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
.addInterceptor(new LoggerInterceptor("TAG"))
.cookieJar(cookieJar1)
.hostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier()
{
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session)
{
return true;
}
})
.sslSocketFactory(sslParams.sSLSocketFactory, sslParams.trustManager) //使用的api在此
.build();
OkHttpUtils.initClient(okHttpClient);
(二)、使用字符串替代证书
下面继续，有些人可能觉得把证书copy到assets下还是觉得不舒服，其实我们还可以将证书中的内容提取出来，写成字符串常量，这样就不需要证书根据着app去打包了。
zhydeMacBook-Pro:temp zhy$ keytool -printcert -rfc -file srca.cer
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
使用keytool命令，以rfc样式输出。keytool命令是JDK里面自带的。
有了这个字符串以后，我们就不需要srca.cer这个文件了，直接编写以下代码：
public class MyApplication extends Application
{
private String CER_12306 = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIICmjCCAgOgAwIBAgIIbyZr5/jKH6QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwRzELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ04xKTAn\n" +
"BgNVBAoTIFNpbm9yYWlsIENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MQ0wCwYDVQQDEwRTUkNBMB4X\n" +
"DTA5MDUyNTA2NTYwMFoXDTI5MDUyMDA2NTYwMFowRzELMAkGA1UEBhMCQ04xKTAnBgNVBAoTIFNp\n" +
"bm9yYWlsIENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MQ0wCwYDVQQDEwRTUkNBMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3\n" +
"DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDMpbNeb34p0GvLkZ6t72/OOba4mX2K/eZRWFfnuk8e5jKDH+9BgCb2\n" +
"9bSotqPqTbxXWPxIOz8EjyUO3bfR5pQ8ovNTOlks2rS5BdMhoi4sUjCKi5ELiqtyww/XgY5iFqv6\n" +
"D4Pw9QvOUcdRVSbPWo1DwMmH75It6pk/rARIFHEjWwIDAQABo4GOMIGLMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFHle\n" +
"tne34lKDQ+3HUYhMY4UsAENYMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wLgYDVR0fBCcwJTAjoCGgH4YdaHR0cDov\n" +
"LzE5Mi4xNjguOS4xNDkvY3JsMS5jcmwwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgH+MB0GA1UdDgQWBBR5XrZ3t+JSg0Pt\n" +
"x1GITGOFLABDWDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOBgQDGrAm2U/of1LbOnG2bnnQtgcVaBXiVJF8LKPaV\n" +
"23XQ96HU8xfgSZMJS6U00WHAI7zp0q208RSUft9wDq9ee///VOhzR6Tebg9QfyPSohkBrhXQenvQ\n" +
"og555S+C3eJAAVeNCTeMS3N/M5hzBRJAoffn3qoYdAO1Q8bTguOi+2849A==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
super.onCreate();
OkHttpClientManager.getInstance()
.setCertificates(new Buffer()
.writeUtf8(CER_12306)
.inputStream());
}
注意Buffer是okio包下的，okhttp依赖okio。
ok，这样就省去将cer文件一起打包进入apk了。
4、tomcat下使用自签名证书部署服务
1.如何生成证书 （阅读《参考文章》）
用keytool工具生成证书时，会先生成“证书请求文件xxx1.jks”, 然后再使用这个xxx1.jks文件 签发（生成）证书文件xxx2.cer。
配置证书服务器端在配置文件配置一下证书路径等相关配置即可。
5、双向认证
首先对于双向证书验证，也就是说，客户端也会有个“jks文件”，服务器那边会同时有个“cer文件”与之对应。
服务端配置和客户端配置请看《参考文章》
然而此时启动会报错：Java.io.IOException: Wrong version of key store.
为什么呢？
因为：Java平台默认识别jks格式的证书文件，但是android平台只识别bks格式的证书文件。
这么就纠结了，我们需要将我们的jks文件转化为bks文件，怎么转化呢？Portecle
参考文章
http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/48129405