SnapKit 源码解读（五）：Models

Models 里面的所有文件，都是用来对约束建模使用的。

Typealiases

Typealiases 为跨平台能力定义了一套公用的类。

#if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
    import UIKit
    typealias LayoutRelation = NSLayoutRelation
    typealias LayoutAttribute = NSLayoutAttribute
    typealias LayoutPriority = UILayoutPriority
#else
    import AppKit
    typealias LayoutRelation = NSLayoutConstraint.Relation
    typealias LayoutAttribute = NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute
    typealias LayoutPriority = NSLayoutConstraint.Priority
#endif

Constraint

Constraint 类是对 NSLayoutConstraint 的建模，其中包含了构建应用所需要的所有必备参数，更新和激活约束的相关方法。

初始化方法

public final class Constraint {

    internal let sourceLocation: (String, UInt)
    internal let label: String?

    private let from: ConstraintItem
    private let to: ConstraintItem
    private let relation: ConstraintRelation
    private let multiplier: ConstraintMultiplierTarget
    private var constant: ConstraintConstantTarget {
        didSet {
            self.updateConstantAndPriorityIfNeeded()
        }
    }
    private var priority: ConstraintPriorityTarget {
        didSet {
          self.updateConstantAndPriorityIfNeeded()
        }
    }
    public var layoutConstraints: [LayoutConstraint]
    
    public var isActive: Bool {
        for layoutConstraint in self.layoutConstraints {
            if layoutConstraint.isActive {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
    
    // MARK: Initialization

    internal init(from: ConstraintItem,
                  to: ConstraintItem,
                  relation: ConstraintRelation,
                  sourceLocation: (String, UInt),
                  label: String?,
                  multiplier: ConstraintMultiplierTarget,
                  constant: ConstraintConstantTarget,
                  priority: ConstraintPriorityTarget) {
        self.from = from
        self.to = to
        self.relation = relation
        self.sourceLocation = sourceLocation
        self.label = label
        self.multiplier = multiplier
        self.constant = constant
        self.priority = priority
        self.layoutConstraints = []

        // get attributes
        let layoutFromAttributes = self.from.attributes.layoutAttributes
        let layoutToAttributes = self.to.attributes.layoutAttributes

        // get layout from
        let layoutFrom = self.from.layoutConstraintItem!

        // get relation
        let layoutRelation = self.relation.layoutRelation

        for layoutFromAttribute in layoutFromAttributes {
            // get layout to attribute
            let layoutToAttribute: LayoutAttribute
            #if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
                if layoutToAttributes.count > 0 {
                    if self.from.attributes == .edges && self.to.attributes == .margins {
                        switch layoutFromAttribute {
                        case .left:
                            layoutToAttribute = .leftMargin
                        case .right:
                            layoutToAttribute = .rightMargin
                        case .top:
                            layoutToAttribute = .topMargin
                        case .bottom:
                            layoutToAttribute = .bottomMargin
                        default:
                            fatalError()
                        }
                    } else if self.from.attributes == .margins && self.to.attributes == .edges {
                        switch layoutFromAttribute {
                        case .leftMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .left
                        case .rightMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .right
                        case .topMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .top
                        case .bottomMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .bottom
                        default:
                            fatalError()
                        }
                    } else if self.from.attributes == self.to.attributes {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                    } else {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutToAttributes[0]
                    }
                } else {
                    if self.to.target == nil && (layoutFromAttribute == .centerX || layoutFromAttribute == .centerY) {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute == .centerX ? .left : .top
                    } else {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                    }
                }
            #else
                if self.from.attributes == self.to.attributes {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                } else if layoutToAttributes.count > 0 {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutToAttributes[0]
                } else {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                }
            #endif

            // get layout constant
            let layoutConstant: CGFloat = self.constant.constraintConstantTargetValueFor(layoutAttribute: layoutToAttribute)

            // get layout to
            var layoutTo: AnyObject? = self.to.target

            // use superview if possible
            if layoutTo == nil && layoutToAttribute != .width && layoutToAttribute != .height {
                layoutTo = layoutFrom.superview
            }

            // create layout constraint
            let layoutConstraint = LayoutConstraint(
                item: layoutFrom,
                attribute: layoutFromAttribute,
                relatedBy: layoutRelation,
                toItem: layoutTo,
                attribute: layoutToAttribute,
                multiplier: self.multiplier.constraintMultiplierTargetValue,
                constant: layoutConstant
            )

            // set label
            layoutConstraint.label = self.label

            // set priority
            layoutConstraint.priority = LayoutPriority(rawValue: self.priority.constraintPriorityTargetValue)

            // set constraint
            layoutConstraint.constraint = self

            // append
            self.layoutConstraints.append(layoutConstraint)
        }
    }

    ...

}

初始化方法接受所有创建一个 NSLayoutConstraint 所需要的参数，最终生成一个 layoutConstraint 并放入自身的数组里。

final

如果你想要一个类不能被其他的类继承，请加上 �final 标记

公共方法

Constraint 类提供了一些 public 的方法，用来供我们激活/取消激活约束，修改 constant。

public final class Constraint {

    ...

    public func activate() {
        self.activateIfNeeded()
    }

    public func deactivate() {
        self.deactivateIfNeeded()
    }

    @discardableResult
    public func update(offset: ConstraintOffsetTarget) -> Constraint {
        self.constant = offset.constraintOffsetTargetValue
        return self
    }

    @discardableResult
    public func update(inset: ConstraintInsetTarget) -> Constraint {
        self.constant = inset.constraintInsetTargetValue
        return self
    }

    @discardableResult
    public func update(priority: ConstraintPriorityTarget) -> Constraint {
        self.priority = priority.constraintPriorityTargetValue
        return self
    }

    ...

}

内部方法

Constraint 提供了三个内部的方法，分别用来更新优先级，激活约束，取消激活约束。

public final class Constraint {

    ...

    // MARK: Internal

    internal func updateConstantAndPriorityIfNeeded() {
        for layoutConstraint in self.layoutConstraints {
            let attribute = (layoutConstraint.secondAttribute == .notAnAttribute) ? layoutConstraint.firstAttribute : layoutConstraint.secondAttribute
            layoutConstraint.constant = self.constant.constraintConstantTargetValueFor(layoutAttribute: attribute)

            let requiredPriority = ConstraintPriority.required.value
            if (layoutConstraint.priority.rawValue < requiredPriority), (self.priority.constraintPriorityTargetValue != requiredPriority) {
                layoutConstraint.priority = LayoutPriority(rawValue: self.priority.constraintPriorityTargetValue)
            }
        }
    }

    internal func activateIfNeeded(updatingExisting: Bool = false) {
        guard let item = self.from.layoutConstraintItem else {
            print("WARNING: SnapKit failed to get from item from constraint. Activate will be a no-op.")
            return
        }
        let layoutConstraints = self.layoutConstraints

        if updatingExisting {
            var existingLayoutConstraints: [LayoutConstraint] = []
            for constraint in item.constraints {
                existingLayoutConstraints += constraint.layoutConstraints
            }

            for layoutConstraint in layoutConstraints {
                let existingLayoutConstraint = existingLayoutConstraints.first { $0 == layoutConstraint }
                guard let updateLayoutConstraint = existingLayoutConstraint else {
                    fatalError("Updated constraint could not find existing matching constraint to update: \(layoutConstraint)")
                }

                let updateLayoutAttribute = (updateLayoutConstraint.secondAttribute == .notAnAttribute) ? updateLayoutConstraint.firstAttribute : updateLayoutConstraint.secondAttribute
                updateLayoutConstraint.constant = self.constant.constraintConstantTargetValueFor(layoutAttribute: updateLayoutAttribute)
            }
        } else {
            NSLayoutConstraint.activate(layoutConstraints)
            item.add(constraints: [self])
        }
    }

    internal func deactivateIfNeeded() {
        guard let item = self.from.layoutConstraintItem else {
            print("WARNING: SnapKit failed to get from item from constraint. Deactivate will be a no-op.")
            return
        }
        let layoutConstraints = self.layoutConstraints
        NSLayoutConstraint.deactivate(layoutConstraints)
        item.remove(constraints: [self])
    }
}

值得一看的是 activateIfNeeded 方法，其实就是找出现有的约束，并更新对应的 constant。

ConstraintDescription

ConstraintDescription 是内部用来建模 Constraint 类型的模型，其中有一个懒加载属性 constraint，第一次使用时才会创建真正的 Constraint 对象，避免了额外的性能消耗。

public class ConstraintDescription {
    
    internal let item: LayoutConstraintItem
    internal var attributes: ConstraintAttributes
    internal var relation: ConstraintRelation? = nil
    internal var sourceLocation: (String, UInt)? = nil
    internal var label: String? = nil
    internal var related: ConstraintItem? = nil
    internal var multiplier: ConstraintMultiplierTarget = 1.0
    internal var constant: ConstraintConstantTarget = 0.0
    internal var priority: ConstraintPriorityTarget = 1000.0
    internal lazy var constraint: Constraint? = {
        guard let relation = self.relation,
              let related = self.related,
              let sourceLocation = self.sourceLocation else {
            return nil
        }
        let from = ConstraintItem(target: self.item, attributes: self.attributes)
        
        return Constraint(
            from: from,
            to: related,
            relation: relation,
            sourceLocation: sourceLocation,
            label: self.label,
            multiplier: self.multiplier,
            constant: self.constant,
            priority: self.priority
        )
    }()
    
    // MARK: Initialization
    
    internal init(item: LayoutConstraintItem, attributes: ConstraintAttributes) {
        self.item = item
        self.attributes = attributes
    }
    
}

ConstraintInsets、ConstraintConfig、ConstraintView、ConstraintLayoutGuide 和 ConstraintLayoutSupport

这五个 swift 文件中都是对现有类型的 typealias，没有什么特别的。

ConstraintRelation

ConstraintRelation 是一个枚举类型，用来在框架内部表示等于、大于和小于的关系。

internal enum ConstraintRelation : Int {
    case equal = 1
    case lessThanOrEqual
    case greaterThanOrEqual
    
    internal var layoutRelation: LayoutRelation {
        get {
            switch(self) {
            case .equal:
                return .equal
            case .lessThanOrEqual:
                return .lessThanOrEqual
            case .greaterThanOrEqual:
                return .greaterThanOrEqual
            }
        }
    }
}

ConstraintAttributes

ConstraintAttributes 也是枚举，不过与寻常用到的枚举不同，它是可以组合而非非此即彼的枚举，即位掩码。

OptionSet

Swift 中给出的位掩码解决方案，是通过 struct 遵守 OptionSet 协议来实现的，为了与枚举类似，ConstraintAttributes 也定义了一个内部只读属性来作为 rawValue。

internal struct ConstraintAttributes : OptionSet {
    
    internal init(rawValue: UInt) {
        self.rawValue = rawValue
    }
    internal init(_ rawValue: UInt) {
        self.init(rawValue: rawValue)
    }
    internal init(nilLiteral: ()) {
        self.rawValue = 0
    }
    
    internal private(set) var rawValue: UInt
    ...
}

同时，为了方便使用，还定义了一批计算属性供我们快速创建和使用对应的枚举：

internal struct ConstraintAttributes : OptionSet {
    
    ...
    // normal
    
    internal static var none: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(0) }
    internal static var left: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(1) }
    internal static var top: ConstraintAttributes {  return self.init(2) }
    internal static var right: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(4) }
    internal static var bottom: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(8) }
    internal static var leading: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(16) }
    internal static var trailing: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(32) }
    internal static var width: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(64) }
    internal static var height: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(128) }
    internal static var centerX: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(256) }
    internal static var centerY: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(512) }
    internal static var lastBaseline: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(1024) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, OSX 10.11, *)
    internal static var firstBaseline: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(2048) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var leftMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(4096) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var rightMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(8192) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var topMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(16384) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var bottomMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(32768) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var leadingMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(65536) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var trailingMargin: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(131072) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var centerXWithinMargins: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(262144) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var centerYWithinMargins: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(524288) }
    
    // aggregates
    
    internal static var edges: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(15) }
    internal static var size: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(192) }
    internal static var center: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(768) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var margins: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(61440) }
    
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    internal static var centerWithinMargins: ConstraintAttributes { return self.init(786432) }

    ...

}

每一个计算属性初始化对应枚举的时候，rawValue 都是 2 的 n 次方，也是为了避免运算时出现冲突。

自定义运算符

Swift 可以自定义运算符，来简化复杂的方法调用。

internal func + (left: ConstraintAttributes, right: ConstraintAttributes) -> ConstraintAttributes {
    return left.union(right)
}

internal func +=(left: inout ConstraintAttributes, right: ConstraintAttributes) {
    left.formUnion(right)
}

internal func -=(left: inout ConstraintAttributes, right: ConstraintAttributes) {
    left.subtract(right)
}

internal func ==(left: ConstraintAttributes, right: ConstraintAttributes) -> Bool {
    return left.rawValue == right.rawValue
}

ConstraintItem

ConstraintItem 建模了 target 和 attributes 之间的关系，同样定义了自定义运算符，用来判断相等性。

public final class ConstraintItem {
    
    internal weak var target: AnyObject?
    internal let attributes: ConstraintAttributes
    
    internal init(target: AnyObject?, attributes: ConstraintAttributes) {
        self.target = target
        self.attributes = attributes
    }
    
    internal var layoutConstraintItem: LayoutConstraintItem? {
        return self.target as? LayoutConstraintItem
    }
    
}

public func ==(lhs: ConstraintItem, rhs: ConstraintItem) -> Bool {
    // pointer equality
    guard lhs !== rhs else {
        return true
    }
    
    // must both have valid targets and identical attributes
    guard let target1 = lhs.target,
          let target2 = rhs.target,
          target1 === target2 && lhs.attributes == rhs.attributes else {
            return false
    }
    
    return true
}

LayoutConstraint

LayoutConstraint 是 NSLayoutConstraint 的子类，做了两件事情：1、定义了新的计算属性 label，其实是对 identifier 的别称。2、自定义了预算符，用来判断约束之间的相等性。

public class LayoutConstraint : NSLayoutConstraint {
    
    public var label: String? {
        get {
            return self.identifier
        }
        set {
            self.identifier = newValue
        }
    }
    
    internal weak var constraint: Constraint? = nil
    
}

internal func ==(lhs: LayoutConstraint, rhs: LayoutConstraint) -> Bool {
    guard lhs.firstItem === rhs.firstItem &&
          lhs.secondItem === rhs.secondItem &&
          lhs.firstAttribute == rhs.firstAttribute &&
          lhs.secondAttribute == rhs.secondAttribute &&
          lhs.relation == rhs.relation &&
          lhs.priority == rhs.priority &&
          lhs.multiplier == rhs.multiplier else {
        return false
    }
    return true
}

LayoutConstraintItem

LayoutConstraintItem 是一个仅供 class 使用的协议，继承这个协议的有 ConstraintLayoutGuide 和 ConstraintView，目的在于为这两者通过协议扩展提供一些方法和关联对象。

public protocol LayoutConstraintItem: class {
}

@available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, *)
extension ConstraintLayoutGuide : LayoutConstraintItem {
}

extension ConstraintView : LayoutConstraintItem {
}


extension LayoutConstraintItem {
    
    internal func prepare() {
        if let view = self as? ConstraintView {
            view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        }
    }
    
    internal var superview: ConstraintView? {
        if let view = self as? ConstraintView {
            return view.superview
        }
        
        if #available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, *), let guide = self as? ConstraintLayoutGuide {
            return guide.owningView
        }
        
        return nil
    }
    internal var constraints: [Constraint] {
        return self.constraintsSet.allObjects as! [Constraint]
    }
    
    internal func add(constraints: [Constraint]) {
        let constraintsSet = self.constraintsSet
        for constraint in constraints {
            constraintsSet.add(constraint)
        }
    }
    
    internal func remove(constraints: [Constraint]) {
        let constraintsSet = self.constraintsSet
        for constraint in constraints {
            constraintsSet.remove(constraint)
        }
    }
    
    private var constraintsSet: NSMutableSet {
        let constraintsSet: NSMutableSet
        
        if let existing = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &constraintsKey) as? NSMutableSet {
            constraintsSet = existing
        } else {
            constraintsSet = NSMutableSet()
            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &constraintsKey, constraintsSet, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
        return constraintsSet
        
    }
    
}
private var constraintsKey: UInt8 = 0

其中 constraintsSet 是管理施加在 ConstraintLayoutGuide 和 ConstraintView 上的约束，便于更新约束。

ConstraintPriority

ConstraintPriority 是对约束优先级进行定义的一个结构体并提供了判断相等性和差距的方便方法，唯一需要在意的是在 OS X 平台上 medium 的定义是 501，不知道为啥~

public struct ConstraintPriority : ExpressibleByFloatLiteral, Equatable, Strideable {
    public typealias FloatLiteralType = Float
    
    public let value: Float
    
    public init(floatLiteral value: Float) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    public init(_ value: Float) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    public static var required: ConstraintPriority {
        return 1000.0
    }
    
    public static var high: ConstraintPriority {
        return 750.0
    }
    
    public static var medium: ConstraintPriority {
        #if os(OSX)
            return 501.0
        #else
            return 500.0
        #endif
        
    }
    
    public static var low: ConstraintPriority {
        return 250.0
    }
    
    public static func ==(lhs: ConstraintPriority, rhs: ConstraintPriority) -> Bool {
        return lhs.value == rhs.value
    }

    // MARK: Strideable

    public func advanced(by n: FloatLiteralType) -> ConstraintPriority {
        return ConstraintPriority(floatLiteral: value + n)
    }

    public func distance(to other: ConstraintPriority) -> FloatLiteralType {
        return other.value - value
    }
}

原文地址：SnapKit 源码解读（五）：Models

如果觉得我写的还不错，请关注我的微博@小橘爷，最新文章即时推送~