通常我们习惯将编码（Encode）称为序列化（serialization），它将对象序列化为字节数组，用于网络传输、数据持久化或者其它用途。
反之，解码（Decode）称为反序列化（deserialization），它把从网络、磁盘等读取的字节数组还原成原始对象（通常是原始对象的拷贝），以方便后续的业务逻辑操作。
Java序列化
相信大多数Java程序员接触到的第一种序列化或者编解码技术就是Java默认提供的序列化机制，需要序列化的Java对象只需要实现java.io.Serializable接口并生成序列化ID，这个类就能够通过java.io.ObjectInput和java.io.ObjectOutput序列化和反序列化。
其他序列化框架
Java默认的序列化机制效率很低、序列化后的码流也较大，所以涌现出了非常多的优秀的Java序列化框架，例如：hessian、protobuf、thrift、protostuff、kryo、msgpack、avro、fst 等等。
扩展Netty 解码器
Netty提供了 io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder和io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder接口，方便我们扩展编解码。
为了扩展序列化框架更方便，我们首先定义Serializer接口：
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public interface Serializer {
byte[] encode(Object msg) throws IOException;
T decode(byte[] buf, Class type) throws IOException;
}
定义Serializer工厂：
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.hessian.HessianSerializer;
/**
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public class SerializerFactory {
public static Serializer getSerializer(){
return new HessianSerializer();
}
}
接下来，我们在Netty Decoder中使用上面定义的Serializer接口，如下：
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.Serializer;
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.SerializerFactory;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* ${DESCRIPTION}
*
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public class NettyMessageDecoder extends LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
//判断传送客户端传送过来的数据是否按照协议传输，头部信息的大小应该是 byte+byte+int = 1+1+4 = 6
private static final int HEADER_SIZE = 6;
private Serializer serializer = SerializerFactory.getSerializer();
private Class clazz;
public NettyMessageDecoder(Class clazz, int maxFrameLength, int lengthFieldOffset,
int lengthFieldLength) throws IOException {
super(maxFrameLength, lengthFieldOffset, lengthFieldLength);
this.clazz = clazz;
}
@Override
protected Object decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in)
throws Exception {
if (in.readableBytes() < HEADER_SIZE) {
return null;
}
in.markReaderIndex();
//注意在读的过程中，readIndex的指针也在移动
byte type = in.readByte();
byte flag = in.readByte();
int dataLength = in.readInt();
//logger.info("read type:{}, flag:{}, length:{}", type, flag, dataLength);
if (in.readableBytes() < dataLength) {
logger.error("body length < {}", dataLength);
in.resetReaderIndex();
return null;
}
byte[] data = new byte[dataLength];
in.readBytes(data);
try{
return serializer.decode(data, clazz);
} catch (Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("serializer decode error");
}
}
}
NettyMessageEncoder.java
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.Serializer;
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.SerializerFactory;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* ${DESCRIPTION}
*
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public final class NettyMessageEncoder extends
MessageToByteEncoder {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private final byte type = 0X00;
private final byte flag = 0X0F;
private Serializer serializer = SerializerFactory.getSerializer();
private Class clazz;
public NettyMessageEncoder(Class clazz) {
this.clazz = clazz;
}
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg,
ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
try {
out.writeByte(type);
out.writeByte(flag);
byte[] data = serializer.encode(msg);
out.writeInt(data.length);
out.writeBytes(data);
//logger.info("write type:{}, flag:{}, length:{}", type, flag, data.length);
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端：
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.model.Request;
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.model.Response;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public class NettyServer {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
public void bind() throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws IOException {
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new NettyMessageDecoder<>(Request.class,1<<20, 2, 4));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyMessageEncoder(Response.class));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
}
});
// 绑定端口，同步等待成功
ChannelFuture future = b.bind(Constants.HOST, Constants.PORT).sync();
logger.info("Netty server start ok host:{}, port:{}"
, Constants.HOST , Constants.PORT);
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}
class NettyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext context, Request request) throws Exception {
logger.info("Rpc server receive request id:{}", request.getId());
//处理请求
processRpcRequest(context, request);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
logger.error("捕获异常", cause);
}
}
private void processRpcRequest(final ChannelHandlerContext context, final Request request) {
Response response = new Response();
response.setId(request.getId());
response.setResult("echo "+request.getMessage());
context.writeAndFlush(response);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new NettyServer().bind();
}
}
客户端：
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.model.Request;
import com.mindflow.netty4.serialization.model.Response;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/**
* ${DESCRIPTION}
*
* @author Ricky Fung
*/
public class NettyClient {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
private EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(
new NettyMessageDecoder(Response.class, 1024 * 1024, 2, 4));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyMessageEncoder(Request.class));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());;
}
});
// 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture future = b.connect(host, port).sync();
if (future.awaitUninterruptibly(5000)) {
logger.info("client connect host:{}, port:{}", host, port);
if (future.channel().isActive()) {
logger.info("开始发送消息");
for(int i=0; i<100; i++){
Request req = new Request();
req.setId((long) i);
req.setMessage("hello world");
future.channel().writeAndFlush(req);
}
logger.info("发送消息完毕");
}
}
} finally {
}
}
class NettyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Response msg) throws Exception {
final Response response = msg;
logger.info("Rpc client receive response id:{}", response.getId());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
logger.error("捕获异常", cause);
}
}
/**
* @param args
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new NettyClient().connect(Constants.PORT, Constants.HOST);
}
}
参考资料
Netty系列之Netty编解码框架分析
Java深度历险（十）——Java对象序列化与RMI
源码下载
https://github.com/TiFG/netty4-in-action/tree/master/netty4-serialization-demo