10.Nginx负载均衡配置

Nginx负载均衡

1.Nginx负载均衡概述

提升吞吐率, 提升请求性能, 提⾼容灾

image.png

负载均衡按范围划分:GSLB全局负载均衡、SLB

image.png

Nginx 是⼀个典型的 SLB

image.png

负载均衡按层级划分: 分为四层负载均衡和七层负载均衡

image.png

Nginx 是⼀个典型的七层 SLB

image.png

2.Nginx负载均衡配置场景

Nginx 实现负载均衡⽤到了 proxy_pass 代理模块核⼼配置, 将客户端请求代理转发⾄⼀组 upstream 虚拟服务池。

image.png

Nginx upstream 虚拟配置语法

Syntax: upstream    name    {   ... }
Default:    -
Context:    http
//upstream例⼦
upstream    backend {
    server  backend1.example.com    weight=5;
    server  backend2.example.com:8080;
    server  unix:/tmp/backend3;
    server  backup1.example.com:8080    backup;
}
server  {
    location    /   {
        proxy_pass  http://backend;
    }
}

2.1.创建对应 html ⽂件

[root@Nginx ~]# mkdir   /soft/{code1,code2,code3}   -p
[root@Nginx ~]# cat /soft/code1/index.html

    
    
            
    Code1-8081  
    


[root@Nginx ~]# cat /soft/code2/index.html

    
    
            
    Code1-8082
    


[root@Nginx ~]# cat /soft/code3/index.html

    
    
            
    Code1-8083
    

2.2.建⽴对应的 releserver.conf 配置⽂件

[root@Nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/releserver.conf   
server  {
    listen 8081;
    root    /soft/code1;
    index index.html;
}
server  {
    listen 8082;
    root    /soft/code2;
    index index.html;
}
server  {
    listen 8083;
    root    /soft/code3;
    index index.html;
}

2.3.配置 Nginx 反向代理

[root@Nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf    
upstream    node    {
    server  192.168.69.113:8081;
    server  192.168.69.113:8082;
    server  192.168.69.113:8083;
}
server  {
    server_name 192.168.69.113;
    listen  80;
    location    /   {
        proxy_pass  http://node;
        include proxy_params;
    }
}

2.4.使⽤浏览器验证

image.png

image.png

image.png

3.Nginx负载均衡状态配置

后端服务器在负载均衡调度中的状态

image.png

测试 backup 以及 down 状态

upstream    load_pass   {
    server  192.168.56.11:8001  down;
    server  192.168.56.12:8002  backup;
    server  192.168.56.13:8003  max_fails=1 fail_timeout=10s;
}
location /  {
    proxy_pass  http://load_pass;
    include proxy_params;
}
//关闭8003测试

4.Nginx负载均衡调度策略

image.png

Nginx负载均衡权重轮询具体配置

upstream    load_pass   {
    server  192.168.56.11:8001;
    server  192.168.56.12:8002 weight=5;
    server  192.168.56.13:8003;
}

Nginx负载均衡 ip_hash 具体配置

//如果客户端都⾛相同代理,  会导致某⼀台服务器连接过多
upstream    load_pass   {
    ip_hash;
    server  192.168.56.11:8001;
    server  192.168.56.12:8002;
    server  192.168.56.13:8003;
}
//如果出现通过代理访问会影响后端节点接收状态均衡

Nginx负载均衡url_hash具体配置

upstream    load_pass   {
    hash    $request_uri;
    server  192.168.56.11:8001;
    server  192.168.56.12:8002;
    server  192.168.56.13:8003;
}
//针对三台服务器添加相同⽂件
/soft/code1/url1.html   url2.html   url3.html
/soft/code2/url1.html   url2.html   url3.html
/soft/code3/url1.html   url2.html   url3.html

5.Nginx负载均衡TCP配置

Nginx 四层代理仅能存在于 main 段

stream  {
    upstream    ssh_proxy   {
            hash $remote_addr   consistent;
            server 192.168.56.103:22;
        }
    upstream    mysql_proxy {
            hash $remote_addr   consistent;
            server 192.168.56.103:3306;
        }
  server    {
    listen 6666;
    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
    proxy_timeout 300s;
    proxy_pass  ssh_proxy;
}
  server    {
    listen 5555;
    proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
    proxy_timeout 300s;
    proxy_pass  mysql_proxy;
}
}