#!/bin/env python
#-- coding:utf8 --
#学python的记录
#练习一天~
adict = dict([('name','bob'),('age',25)])
print(len(adict))
print(adict)
a = hash(100) #判断给定的数据是不是不可变的,不可变数据才能作为key
print(a)
a = adict.keys() #取出所有字典的key
print(a)
a = adict.values() #取出字典所有的value
print(a)
a = adict.items() #取出key:value对
print(a)
get方法常用很重要
print(adict.get('name')) #取出字典中name对应的value,如果没有则返回None
print(adict.get('qq')) #None
print(adict.get('qq','not found')) #没有qq,返回指定内容:not found
print(adict.get('age','not found'))
a = adict.update({'phone': '123456'}) #返回值为None
print(a)
b = adict['phone'] = '123456' #存在则更新 不存在就添加 并且可赋值
print(b)
集合相当于是无值(value)的字典,所以也用{}表示
myset = set('hello')
print(len(myset))
for ch in myset:
print(ch)
#
aset = set('abc')
bset = set('cde')
aset & bset #交集
aset.intersection(bset) #交集
aset | bset #并集
aset.union(bset) #并集
aset - bset #差补
aset.difference(bset) #差补
aset.add('new')
print(aset)
aset.update(['aaa','bbb'])
print(aset)
aset.remove('bbb')
cset = set('abcde')
dset = set('bcd')
cset.issuperset(dset) #cset是dset的超集么?
dset.issubset(cset) #dset是cset的子集么?
cp /etc/passwd .
cp /etc/passwd mima
vim mima -> 修改,与passwd有些区别
#
with open('passwd')as fobj:
aset = set(fobj)
#
with open('mima') as fobj:
bset = set(fobj)
#
with open('diff.txt','w')as fobj:
fobj.writelines(bset - aset)
#
import getpass
#
userdb = {}
#
def register():
username = input('username: ')
if username in userdb:
print('%s already exists.'% username)
else:
password = input('password: ')
userdb[username]=password
#
def login():
username = input('username: ')
password = getpass.getpass('password: ').strip()
if userdb.get(username) != password:
print('login failed')
else:
print('login successful')
#
#
def show_menu():
cmds = {'0':register,'1':login}
prompt = """(0)register
(1)login
(2)exit
Please input your choice(0/1/2): """
#
#
while True:
choice = input(prompt).strip()[0]
if choice not in '012':
print('Invalid input,Try again.')
continue
#
if choice == '2':
break
#
#
cmds[choice]()
#
if name == 'main':
show_menu()
#
import time
#
result = 0
start = time.time() #返回运算前时间戳
for i in range(100000000):
result +=i
end = time.time() #返回运算后时间戳
print(result)
print(end-start)
print('hello world!')
#
if 3 > 0:
print('ok')
print('yes')
#
x = 3; y = 4 #不推荐 可读性差
print(x+y)
function(){ //XM返佣：www.fx61.com/brokerlist/xm.html
print('hello world!')
print('hello','world!') #逗号自动添加默认的分隔符:空格
print('hello' + 'world') #+表示字符拼接
print('hello','world',sep='***') #sep指定分隔符
print('#' 50) #表示重复*50遍
print('how are you?',end='') #取消print的默认打空格机构
print(5/2)
print(5//2)
print(5%2)
print(5**3)
print(5>3)
print(3>5)
print(20>10>5)
print(20>10 and 10 > 5)
print(not 20 > 10)
#
number = input('请输入数字; ') #input用于获取键盘输入
print(number)
print(type(number)) #input获得的数据是字符型
#
print(number + 10) #报错 不能把字符和数字做运算
print(int(number) + 10) #int可将字符串10转换成数字10
print(number + str(10)) #str将10转换为字符串后实现字符串拼接
#
username = input('username: ')
print('welcome',username) #print各项间默认以空格作为分隔符
print('welcome'+username) #助意引号内最后的空格
#
sentence = 'tom\'s pet is a cat'
sentence2 = "tom's pet is a act"
sentence3 = 'tom said:\"hello world!\"'
sentence4 = 'tom said"hello world"'
三个连续的单引号或双引号,可以保存输入格式,允许输入多行字符串
words = """
hello
world
abcd"""
print(words)
#
py_str = 'python'
len(py_str) #取长度
py_str[0] #取第一个字符串
'python'[0]
py_str[-1] #最后一个字符
py_str[6] #错误,下表超出范围
py_str[2:4] #切片 起始下标包含,结束下标不包含
py_str[2:] #从下标为2的字符取到结尾
py_str[:2] #从开头取到下标是2之前的字符
py_str[:] #取全部
步长值为2,默认是1
py_str[::2]
py_str[1::2] #去除yhn
py_str[::-1] #步长为负,表示自右向左取
#
py_str + 'is good' #简单的拼接到一起
py_str * 3 #把字符串重复三遍
print('t' in py_str) #True
print('th' in py_str)
print('to' in py_str)
print('to' not in py_str)
#
alist = [10,20,30,'bob','alice',[1,2,3]]
print(len(alist))
alist[-1] #取出最后一项
alist[-1][-1] #因为最后一项是列表,列表还可以继续取吓标
[1,2,3][-1] #[1,2,3]是列表,[-1]表示列表最后一项
alist[-2][2] #列表倒数第二项是字符串,在取出来字符下标为2的字符
alist[3:5] #['bob','alice']
print(10 in alist)
print('o' in list)
print(100 not in alist)
alist[-1] = 100 #修改最后一项的值
alist.append(200) #向列表中追加一项
atuple = (10,20,30,'bob','alice',[1,2,3])
print(len(atuple))
print(10 in atuple)
print(atuple[2])
print(atuple[3:5])
atuple[-1]=100 #错误 元组是个不可改变的
字典是key-value键值对形式的,没有顺序,通过键取出值
adict = {'name':'bob','age': 21}
print(len(adict))
print('bob' in adict)
print('name' in adict)
a = adict['email']= '[email protected]'
print(a)
adict['age']=25 #字典中已有key,修改对应的value
#
if 3 > 0:
print('yes')
print('ok')
#
if 10 in [10,20,30]:
print('ok')
#
if -0.0:
print('yes') #任何值为0的数字都是
#
if [1,2];
print('yes') #非空对象都是True
#
if '':
print('yes') #空格字符也是字符,条件为True
#
a = 10
b = 20
#
if a
smaller=a
else:
smaller=b
#
print(smaller)
#
s = a if a < b else b #和上面的if-else语句等价
#
print(s)
#
#
import getpass
#
username = input('username: ')
getpass模块中,有一个方法也叫getpass
password = getpass.getpass('password: ')
#
if username == 'bob' and password == '123456':
print('Login successful')
else:
print('Login incorrect')
#
import random
#
num = _random.randint(1,10) #随机生成1-10\之间的数字
answer = int(input('guess a number: ')) #将用户输入的数字符转乘整数
if answer > num:
print('猜大了')
elif answer > num:
print('猜小了')
else:
print('猜对了')
#
print('the number: ',num)
#
score = int(input('分数: '))
#
if score >=90:
print('优秀')
elif score >= 80:
print('好')
elif score >= 70:
print('良好')
elif score >= 60:
print('及格')
else:
print('你要努力了')
score = int(input('得分: '))
#
if score >= 60 and score <70:
print('及格')
elif 7 <= score<80:
print('良好')
elif 80 <= score <90:
print('好')
elif score >= 90:
print('优秀')
else:
print('你要努力了')
import randdom
#
all_choice = ['石头','剪刀','布']
computer = randdom.chocie(all_choice)
player = input('请出拳头: ')
#
print('Your choice:',player,"Computer's choice",computer)
print("'Your choice: %s,Computer's choice: %s"% (player,computer))
if player == '石头':
if computer == '石头':
print('平局')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('You WIN!!!')
else:
print('You LOSE!!!')
elif player == '剪刀':
if computer == '石头':
print('You LOSE!!!')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('平局')
else:
print('You WIN!!!')
else:
if computer == '石头':
print('You WIN!!!')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('You LOSE!!!')
else:
print('平局')
import random
#
all_choices = ['石头','剪刀','布']
win_list = [['石头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','石头']]
prompt = """(0)石头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2: """
computer = random.choice(all_choice)
ind = int(input(prompt))
player = all_choices[ind]
#
print("'Your choice: %s,Computer's chocie:%s"% (player,computer))
if player == computer:
print('\033[31;1m平局\033[0m')
elif [player,computer]in win_list:
print('\033[31;1mYou WIN!!!\033[0m')
else:
print('\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\033[0m')
import random
#
num = random.randint(1,10)
couter = 0
#
while couter <5:
answer = int(input('guess the number:'))
if answer > num:
print('猜大了')
elif answer < num:
print('猜笑了')
else:
print('猜对了')
break
couter +=1
else: #循环被break就不执行了,没有被break才执行
print('the number is : ',num)
sum100 = 0
counter = 1
#
while counter < 101:
sum100 += counter
counter +=1
#
print(sum100)
while True:
yn = input('Continue(y/n): ')
if yn in ['n','N']:
break
print('running...')
#
sum100 = 0
counter = 0
#
while counter < 100:
counter +=1
if conuter %2:
if counter %2 ==1:
continue
sum100 += counter
#
print(sum100)
#
astr = 'hello'
alist = [10,20,30]
atuple = ('bob','tom','alice')
adict = {'name': 'john','age':23}
#
for ch in astr:
print(ch)
#
for i in alist:
print(i)
#
for name in atuple:
print(name)
#
for key in adict:
print('%s:%s'% (key,adict[key]))
#
#range(10) #[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#>>>list(range(10))
#range(6,11) #[6,7,8,9,10]
#range(1 ,10, 2) #随机的基数列表1 3 5 7 9
#range(10 ,0 ,-1) #倒着随机10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 由于0为最后一项不打印
sum100 = 0
#
for i in range(1,101):
sum100 += i
#
print(sum100)
fib = [0,1]
#
for i in range(8):
fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])
#
print(fib)
#
for i in range(1,10):
for i in range(1,i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i,ji),end='')
print()
#
i =1 ->j:[1]
i =2 ->j:[1,2]
i =3 ->j:[1,2,3]
#
n = int(input('number: '))
#
for i in range(1,n + 1):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i.ij),end="")
print()
10+5的结果放到列表中
[10+5]
10+5这个表达式计算10次
print([10+5for i in range(10)])
10+i的i来自循环
print([10+i for i in range(10)])
print([10 + i for i in range(1,11)])
通过if过滤,满足if条件的才参与10+i的运算
print([10+i for i in range(1,11)if i % 2 == 1])
print([10+i for i in range(1,11)if i %2])
生成ip地址列表
#print(['192.168.1.%s'% i for i in range(1,255)])
import random
#
all_choices = ['石头','剪刀','布']
win_list = [['石头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','石头']]
prompt = """(0)石头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2): """
cwin = 0
pwin = 0
#
while cwin < 2 and pwin <2 :
computer = random.choice(all_choice)
ind = int(input(prompt))
player = all_choices[ind]
#
print("Your choice: %s,Computer's choice: %s"% (player,computer))
if player == computer:
print('\033;1m平局\033[0m')
elif [player,computer] in win_list:
pwin += 1
print('\033[31;1m You WIN!!!\033[0m')
else:
cwin += 1
print('\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\033[0m')
文件操作的三个步骤:打开 读写 关闭
cp /etc/passwd /tmp
f = open('/tmp/passwd') #默认以r的方式打开纯文本文件
data = f.read() #read()把所有内容读取出来
print(data)
data =f.read() #随着读写的进行,文件指针向后移动.
因为第一个f.read()已经把文件指针移动到结尾了,所以再读就没有数据了
所以data时空字符串
f.close()
#
f= open('/tmp/passwd')
data=f.read(4) #读4字节
print(f.readline()) #读到换行符\n结束
f.readlines() #把每一行数据读出来放到列表中
f.close()
f = open('/tmp/passwd')
for line in f:
print(line,end='')
f.close()
#
f =open('图片地址','rb') #打开非文本文件要加参数b
f.read(4096)
f.close()
#
f = open('/tmp/myfile','w') #'w'打开文件,如果文件不存在则创建
f.write('hello world!\n')
f.flush() #立即将缓存中的数据同步到磁盘
f.writelines(['2nd line.\n','new line.]n'])
f.close() #关闭文件的时候将数据保存到磁盘
#
with open('/tmp/passwd')as f:
print(f.readline())
#
f = open('/tmp/passwd')
f.tell() #查看文件指针的位置
f.readline()
f.tell()
f.seek(0,0) #第一个数字是偏移量,第二个数字是相对位置
相对位置0表示开头 1表示当前 2表示结尾
#
f.tell() #查看当前的位置
f.close()
file1 = open('/bin/ls','rb')
file2 = open('/root/ls','wb')
#
data = file1.read()
file2.write(data)
#
file1.close()
file2.close()
src_fname='/bin/ls'
dst_fname='/root/ls'
#
src_fobj=open(src_fname,'rb')
dst_fobj = open(dst_fname,'wb')
#
while True:
data = src_fobj.read(4096)
if not data:
break
dst_fobj.write(data)
#
src_fobj.close()
dst_fobj.close()
#
import sys
#
print(sys.argv) #sys.argv是sys模块里的argv列表
#
#python position_args.py
#python positon_args.py
#python position_args.py
def gen_fib(l):
fib = [0,1]
#
for i in range(l -len(fib)):
fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])
#
return fib #返回列表,不返回变量fib
#
a = gen_fib(10)
print(a)
print('-'*50)
n = int(input("length: "))
print(gen_fib(n))
import sys
#
def copy(src_fname,dst_fname):
src_fobj = open(src_fname,'rb')
dst_fobj = open(dst_fname,'wb')
#
while True:
data = src_fobj.read(4096)
if not data:
break
dst_fobj.write(data)
#
src_fobj.close()
dst_fobj.close()
#
copy(sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2])
执行方式
cp_func.py /etc/hosts /tmp/zhuji.txt
def mtable(n):
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1,i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i,ij),end='')
print()
#
mtable(6)
mtable(9)
hi ='hello world!'
#
def pstar(n=50):
print(''n)
#
if name == 'main':
pstar()
pstar(30)
#
print(pstar())
print(hi)
#
from random import choice
import string
#
all_chs = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
#
def gen_pass(n=8):
result = ''
#
for i in range(n):
ch = choice(all_chs)
result +=ch
#
return result
#
if name == 'main':
print(gen_pass())
print(gen_pass(4))
print(gen_pass(10))
alist = [10,'john']
list(enumerate(alist)) #[(0,10),(1,'john)] #取出key和value以列表方式
a,b = 0,10 #a->0 ->10
print(len(alist))
for ind in range(len(alist)):
print('%s:%s'% (ind,alist[ind]))
#
for item in enumerate(alist):
print('%s: %s'% (item[0],item[1]))
#
for ind,val in enumerate(alist):
print('%s: %s'% (ind,val))
atuple = (96,97,40,75,58,34,69,26,66,90)
print(sorted(atuple)) #分类
print(sorted('hello'))
for i in reversed(atuple):
print(i,end='')
py_str = 'hello world!'
print(py_str)
py_str.capitalize() #行首字母大写
print(py_str.capitalize())
print(py_str.title()) #每个单词首字母大写
print(py_str.center(50)) #居中50格子默认用空格补齐
print(py_str.center(50,'#')) #居中50并且用#补全
print(py_str.ljust(50)) #左对齐右边默认空格补全
print(py_str.rjust(50,'')) #右对齐并以补全左边50
print(py_str.count('l')) #统计i出现的次数
print(py_str.count('lo'))
print(py_str.endswith('!')) #以!结尾么?
print(py_str.endswith('d!'))
print(py_str.startswith('a')) #是以a开头么?
print(py_str.islower()) #字母都是小写的?其他字符不考虑
print(py_str.isupper()) #字母都是大写的?其他字符不考虑
print(' \thello\t '.strip()) #默认去除两端空白字符,常用
print('hello\t '.lstrip()) #去除左边
print('how are you ?'.split()) #默认分离 以空格为分割标志
print('hello.tar.gz'.split('.')) #分离 以·为分割标志
print('.'.join(['hello','tar','gz'])) #合并 是split和join是相反的
print('%s is %s years old'% ('bob',23)) #常用
print('%s is %d years old'% ('bob',23))
print('%s is %d years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #%d只能整数 但是不会报错
print('%s is %f years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #小数显示
print('%s is %.2f years old'% ('bob',23.5))
print('%s is %5.2f years old'% ('bob',23.5))
print('%s is %5.f years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #宽五保留两位小数
print('97 is %c '% 97) #ascii码中小写字母a编号为97
print('11 is %#o'% 11) #表示有前缀的八进制(11 is 0o13)
print('11 is %#x'% 11) #表示有前缀的十六进制(11 is 0xb)
print('%10s%5s'% ('name','age')) #%10s表示总宽度为10,走对其
print('%-10s%-5s'% ('name','age')) #左对齐
print('%10d'% 123)
print('%010d'% 123) #右靠其并且总长度为10不足的用0补全
print('{} is {} years old'.format('bob',25))
print('{1} is {0} years old'.format(25,'bob'))
print("{:<10}{:<8}".format('name', 'age')) #向左对其
print("{:>10}{:>8}".format('name', 'age')) #向右对其
import shutil
#
with open('/etc/passwd','rb')as sfobj:
with open('/tmp/mima.txt','wb')as dfobj:
shutil.copyfileobj(sfobj,dfobj) #拷贝文件对象
#
shutil.copyfile('/etc/passwd','/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.copy('/etc/shadow','/tmp/') #cp /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.copy2('/etc/shadow','/tmp/') #cp -p /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.move('/tmp/mima.txt','/var/tmp') #mv /tmp/mima.txt /var/tmp
shutil.copytree('/etc/security','/tmp/anquan') #cp -r /etc/security /tmp/anquan
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/anquan') #rm -rf /tmp/anquan
将mima2的权限在设置成与/etc/shadow一样
shutil.copymode('/etc/shadow','/tmp/mima2.txt')
将mima2.txt的\元数据设置成与/etc/shadow一样
元数据使用stat /etc/shadow查看
shutil.copystat('/etc/shadow','/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.chown('/tmp/mima2.txt',user='zhangsan',group='zhangsan')
#
import os
#
def get_fname():
while True:
fname = input('filename: ')
if not os.path.exists(fname):
break
print('%s already exists.Try again'% fname)
#
return fname
#
def get_content():
content = []
print('输入数据,输入end结束')
while True:
line = input('>')
if line == 'end':
break
content.append(line)
#
return content
#
def wfile(name,content):
with open(fname,'w')as fobj:
fobj.writelines(content)
#
if name == 'main':
fname = get_fname()
content = get_content()
content = ['%s\n'% line for line in content]
wfile(fname,content)
alist = [1,2,3,'bob','alice']
alist[0] = 10
alist[1:3] = [20,30]
print(alist)
alist[2:2] = [22,24,26,28]
print(alist)
print(alist.append(100))
alist.remove(24) #删除第一个24
alist.index('bob') #返回下标
blist = alist.copy() #相当于blist = alist[:]
alist.insert(1,15) #向下标为1的位置插入数字15
alist.pop() #默认弹出最后一项
alist.pop(2) #弹出下标为2的项目
alist.pop(alist.index('bob'))
alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
alist.sort(reverse=True) #倒叙排序
print(alist)
alist.reverse()
alist.count(20) #统计20出现次数
alist.clear()
alist.append('new')
alist.extend('new') #['n', 'e', 'w']
alist.extend(['hello','world','hehe'])
print(alist)
#检查变量名称是否符合标准
import sys
import keyword
import string
first_chs = string.asciiletters + ''
all_chs = first_chs + string.digits
def check_id(idt):
if keyword.iskeyword(idt):
return "%s is keyword" % idt
if idt[0] not in first_chs:
return "1st invalid"
for ind,ch in enumerate(idt[1:]):
if ch not in all_chs:
return "char in postion #%s invalid" % (ind + 2)
return '%s is valid' % idt
if name == 'main':
print(check_id(sys.argv[1]))
#
import subprocess
import sys
from randpass2 import randpass
#
def adduser(username,password,fname):
data= '''user information:
%s:%s
'''
#
subprocess.call('useradd %s'% username,shell=True)
subprocess.call(
'echo %s |passwd --stdin %s'% (password,username),
shell=True
)
with open(fname,'a')as fobj:
fobj.write(data % (username,password))
#
if name == 'main':
username = sys.argv[1]
password = randpass()
adduser(username,password,'/tmp/user.txt')
python adduser.py.john
#
stack = []
#
def push_it():
item = input('item to push: ')
stack.append(item)
#
def pop_it():
if stack:
print("from stack popped %s"% stack.pop())
#
def view_it():
print(stack)
#
import sys
#
def unix2dos(fname):
dst_fname = fname + '.txt'
#
with open(fname)as src_fobj:
with open(dst_fname,'w')as dst_fobj:
for line in src_fobj:
line = line.rstrip() +'\r\n'
dst_fobj.write(line)
#
#
if name == 'main':
unix2dos(sys.argv[1])
import time
#
length = 19
count = 0
#
while True:
print('\r%s@%s'% ('#' count,'#'(length-count)),end="")
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nBye-bye')
break
if count ==length:
count = 0
count += 1
#
adict = dict() #{}
dict(['ab','cd'])
bdict = dict([('name','bob'),('age',25)])
print({}.fromkeys(['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu'],11))
#
for key in bdict:
print('%s:%s'% (key,bdict[key]))
#
print('%(name)s:%(age)s'% bdict)
#
bdict['name'] = 'tom'
bdict['email'] = '[email protected]'
#
del bdict['email']
print(bdict)
bdict.pop('age')
bdict.clear()
stack = []
#
def push_it():
data = input('数据: ').strip()
if data:
stack.append(data)
else:
print('输入内容为空.')
#
def pop_it():
if stack:
print('从栈中,弹出:%s'% stack.pop())
else:
print('空栈')
#
def view_it():
print(stack)
#
def show_menu():
cmds = {'0': push_it,'1': pop_it,'2': view_it}
prompt ="""(0)压栈
(1)出栈
(2)查询
(3)退出
请选择(0/1/2/3): """
#
while True:
choice = input(prompt).strip()
if choice not in ['0','1','2','3']:
print('input is invalid,Try again,')
continue
#
if choice =='3':
print('\nBye-bye')
break
#
cmds[choice]()
#
if name == 'main':
show_menu()
smaller=a
else:
smaller=b
#
print(smaller)
#
s = a if a < b else b #和上面的if-else语句等价
#
print(s)
#
#
import getpass
#
username = input('username: ')
getpass模块中,有一个方法也叫getpass
password = getpass.getpass('password: ')
#
if username == 'bob' and password == '123456':
print('Login successful')
else:
print('Login incorrect')
#
import random
#
num = _random.randint(1,10) #随机生成1-10\之间的数字
answer = int(input('guess a number: ')) #将用户输入的数字符转乘整数
if answer > num:
print('猜大了')
elif answer > num:
print('猜小了')
else:
print('猜对了')
#
print('the number: ',num)
#
score = int(input('分数: '))
#
if score >=90:
print('优秀')
elif score >= 80:
print('好')
elif score >= 70:
print('良好')
elif score >= 60:
print('及格')
else:
print('你要努力了')
score = int(input('得分: '))
#
if score >= 60 and score <70:
print('及格')
elif 7 <= score<80:
print('良好')
elif 80 <= score <90:
print('好')
elif score >= 90:
print('优秀')
else:
print('你要努力了')
import randdom
#
all_choice = ['石头','剪刀','布']
computer = randdom.chocie(all_choice)
player = input('请出拳头: ')
#
print('Your choice:',player,"Computer's choice",computer)
print("'Your choice: %s,Computer's choice: %s"% (player,computer))
if player == '石头':
if computer == '石头':
print('平局')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('You WIN!!!')
else:
print('You LOSE!!!')
elif player == '剪刀':
if computer == '石头':
print('You LOSE!!!')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('平局')
else:
print('You WIN!!!')
else:
if computer == '石头':
print('You WIN!!!')
elif computer == '剪刀':
print('You LOSE!!!')
else:
print('平局')
import random
#
all_choices = ['石头','剪刀','布']
win_list = [['石头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','石头']]
prompt = """(0)石头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2: """
computer = random.choice(all_choice)
ind = int(input(prompt))
player = all_choices[ind]
#
print("'Your choice: %s,Computer's chocie:%s"% (player,computer))
if player == computer:
print('\033[31;1m平局\033[0m')
elif [player,computer]in win_list:
print('\033[31;1mYou WIN!!!\033[0m')
else:
print('\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\033[0m')
import random
#
num = random.randint(1,10)
couter = 0
#
while couter <5:
answer = int(input('guess the number:'))
if answer > num:
print('猜大了')
elif answer < num:
print('猜笑了')
else:
print('猜对了')
break
couter +=1
else: #循环被break就不执行了,没有被break才执行
print('the number is : ',num)
sum100 = 0
counter = 1
#
while counter < 101:
sum100 += counter
counter +=1
#
print(sum100)
while True:
yn = input('Continue(y/n): ')
if yn in ['n','N']:
break
print('running...')
#
sum100 = 0
counter = 0
#
while counter < 100:
counter +=1
if conuter %2:
if counter %2 ==1:
continue
sum100 += counter
#
print(sum100)
#
astr = 'hello'
alist = [10,20,30]
atuple = ('bob','tom','alice')
adict = {'name': 'john','age':23}
#
for ch in astr:
print(ch)
#
for i in alist:
print(i)
#
for name in atuple:
print(name)
#
for key in adict:
print('%s:%s'% (key,adict[key]))
#
#range(10) #[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
#>>>list(range(10))
#range(6,11) #[6,7,8,9,10]
#range(1 ,10, 2) #随机的基数列表1 3 5 7 9
#range(10 ,0 ,-1) #倒着随机10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 由于0为最后一项不打印
sum100 = 0
#
for i in range(1,101):
sum100 += i
#
print(sum100)
fib = [0,1]
#
for i in range(8):
fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])
#
print(fib)
#
for i in range(1,10):
for i in range(1,i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i,ji),end='')
print()
#
i =1 ->j:[1]
i =2 ->j:[1,2]
i =3 ->j:[1,2,3]
#
n = int(input('number: '))
#
for i in range(1,n + 1):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i.ij),end="")
print()
10+5的结果放到列表中
[10+5]
10+5这个表达式计算10次
print([10+5for i in range(10)])
10+i的i来自循环
print([10+i for i in range(10)])
print([10 + i for i in range(1,11)])
通过if过滤,满足if条件的才参与10+i的运算
print([10+i for i in range(1,11)if i % 2 == 1])
print([10+i for i in range(1,11)if i %2])
生成ip地址列表
#print(['192.168.1.%s'% i for i in range(1,255)])
import random
#
all_choices = ['石头','剪刀','布']
win_list = [['石头','剪刀'],['剪刀','布'],['布','石头']]
prompt = """(0)石头
(1)剪刀
(2)布
请选择(0/1/2): """
cwin = 0
pwin = 0
#
while cwin < 2 and pwin <2 :
computer = random.choice(all_choice)
ind = int(input(prompt))
player = all_choices[ind]
#
print("Your choice: %s,Computer's choice: %s"% (player,computer))
if player == computer:
print('\033;1m平局\033[0m')
elif [player,computer] in win_list:
pwin += 1
print('\033[31;1m You WIN!!!\033[0m')
else:
cwin += 1
print('\033[31;1mYou LOSE!!!\033[0m')
文件操作的三个步骤:打开 读写 关闭
cp /etc/passwd /tmp
f = open('/tmp/passwd') #默认以r的方式打开纯文本文件
data = f.read() #read()把所有内容读取出来
print(data)
data =f.read() #随着读写的进行,文件指针向后移动.
因为第一个f.read()已经把文件指针移动到结尾了,所以再读就没有数据了
所以data时空字符串
f.close()
#
f= open('/tmp/passwd')
data=f.read(4) #读4字节
print(f.readline()) #读到换行符\n结束
f.readlines() #把每一行数据读出来放到列表中
f.close()
f = open('/tmp/passwd')
for line in f:
print(line,end='')
f.close()
#
f =open('图片地址','rb') #打开非文本文件要加参数b
f.read(4096)
f.close()
#
f = open('/tmp/myfile','w') #'w'打开文件,如果文件不存在则创建
f.write('hello world!\n')
f.flush() #立即将缓存中的数据同步到磁盘
f.writelines(['2nd line.\n','new line.]n'])
f.close() #关闭文件的时候将数据保存到磁盘
#
with open('/tmp/passwd')as f:
print(f.readline())
#
f = open('/tmp/passwd')
f.tell() #查看文件指针的位置
f.readline()
f.tell()
f.seek(0,0) #第一个数字是偏移量,第二个数字是相对位置
相对位置0表示开头 1表示当前 2表示结尾
#
f.tell() #查看当前的位置
f.close()
file1 = open('/bin/ls','rb')
file2 = open('/root/ls','wb')
#
data = file1.read()
file2.write(data)
#
file1.close()
file2.close()
src_fname='/bin/ls'
dst_fname='/root/ls'
#
src_fobj=open(src_fname,'rb')
dst_fobj = open(dst_fname,'wb')
#
while True:
data = src_fobj.read(4096)
if not data:
break
dst_fobj.write(data)
#
src_fobj.close()
dst_fobj.close()
#
import sys
#
print(sys.argv) #sys.argv是sys模块里的argv列表
#
#python position_args.py
#python positon_args.py
#python position_args.py
def gen_fib(l):
fib = [0,1]
#
for i in range(l -len(fib)):
fib.append(fib[-1] + fib[-2])
#
return fib #返回列表,不返回变量fib
#
a = gen_fib(10)
print(a)
print('-'*50)
n = int(input("length: "))
print(gen_fib(n))
import sys
#
def copy(src_fname,dst_fname):
src_fobj = open(src_fname,'rb')
dst_fobj = open(dst_fname,'wb')
#
while True:
data = src_fobj.read(4096)
if not data:
break
dst_fobj.write(data)
#
src_fobj.close()
dst_fobj.close()
#
copy(sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2])
执行方式
cp_func.py /etc/hosts /tmp/zhuji.txt
def mtable(n):
for i in range(1,n+1):
for j in range(1,i + 1):
print('%s%s=%s'% (j,i,ij),end='')
print()
#
mtable(6)
mtable(9)
hi ='hello world!'
#
def pstar(n=50):
print(''n)
#
if name == 'main':
pstar()
pstar(30)
#
print(pstar())
print(hi)
#
from random import choice
import string
#
all_chs = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
#
def gen_pass(n=8):
result = ''
#
for i in range(n):
ch = choice(all_chs)
result +=ch
#
return result
#
if name == 'main':
print(gen_pass())
print(gen_pass(4))
print(gen_pass(10))
alist = [10,'john']
list(enumerate(alist)) #[(0,10),(1,'john)] #取出key和value以列表方式
a,b = 0,10 #a->0 ->10
print(len(alist))
for ind in range(len(alist)):
print('%s:%s'% (ind,alist[ind]))
#
for item in enumerate(alist):
print('%s: %s'% (item[0],item[1]))
#
for ind,val in enumerate(alist):
print('%s: %s'% (ind,val))
atuple = (96,97,40,75,58,34,69,26,66,90)
print(sorted(atuple)) #分类
print(sorted('hello'))
for i in reversed(atuple):
print(i,end='')
py_str = 'hello world!'
print(py_str)
py_str.capitalize() #行首字母大写
print(py_str.capitalize())
print(py_str.title()) #每个单词首字母大写
print(py_str.center(50)) #居中50格子默认用空格补齐
print(py_str.center(50,'#')) #居中50并且用#补全
print(py_str.ljust(50)) #左对齐右边默认空格补全
print(py_str.rjust(50,'')) #右对齐并以补全左边50
print(py_str.count('l')) #统计i出现的次数
print(py_str.count('lo'))
print(py_str.endswith('!')) #以!结尾么?
print(py_str.endswith('d!'))
print(py_str.startswith('a')) #是以a开头么?
print(py_str.islower()) #字母都是小写的?其他字符不考虑
print(py_str.isupper()) #字母都是大写的?其他字符不考虑
print(' \thello\t '.strip()) #默认去除两端空白字符,常用
print('hello\t '.lstrip()) #去除左边
print('how are you ?'.split()) #默认分离 以空格为分割标志
print('hello.tar.gz'.split('.')) #分离 以·为分割标志
print('.'.join(['hello','tar','gz'])) #合并 是split和join是相反的
print('%s is %s years old'% ('bob',23)) #常用
print('%s is %d years old'% ('bob',23))
print('%s is %d years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #%d只能整数 但是不会报错
print('%s is %f years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #小数显示
print('%s is %.2f years old'% ('bob',23.5))
print('%s is %5.2f years old'% ('bob',23.5))
print('%s is %5.f years old'% ('bob',23.5)) #宽五保留两位小数
print('97 is %c '% 97) #ascii码中小写字母a编号为97
print('11 is %#o'% 11) #表示有前缀的八进制(11 is 0o13)
print('11 is %#x'% 11) #表示有前缀的十六进制(11 is 0xb)
print('%10s%5s'% ('name','age')) #%10s表示总宽度为10,走对其
print('%-10s%-5s'% ('name','age')) #左对齐
print('%10d'% 123)
print('%010d'% 123) #右靠其并且总长度为10不足的用0补全
print('{} is {} years old'.format('bob',25))
print('{1} is {0} years old'.format(25,'bob'))
print("{:<10}{:<8}".format('name', 'age')) #向左对其
print("{:>10}{:>8}".format('name', 'age')) #向右对其
import shutil
#
with open('/etc/passwd','rb')as sfobj:
with open('/tmp/mima.txt','wb')as dfobj:
shutil.copyfileobj(sfobj,dfobj) #拷贝文件对象
#
shutil.copyfile('/etc/passwd','/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.copy('/etc/shadow','/tmp/') #cp /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.copy2('/etc/shadow','/tmp/') #cp -p /etc/shadow /tmp/
shutil.move('/tmp/mima.txt','/var/tmp') #mv /tmp/mima.txt /var/tmp
shutil.copytree('/etc/security','/tmp/anquan') #cp -r /etc/security /tmp/anquan
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/anquan') #rm -rf /tmp/anquan
将mima2的权限在设置成与/etc/shadow一样
shutil.copymode('/etc/shadow','/tmp/mima2.txt')
将mima2.txt的\元数据设置成与/etc/shadow一样
元数据使用stat /etc/shadow查看
shutil.copystat('/etc/shadow','/tmp/mima2.txt')
shutil.chown('/tmp/mima2.txt',user='zhangsan',group='zhangsan')
#
import os
#
def get_fname():
while True:
fname = input('filename: ')
if not os.path.exists(fname):
break
print('%s already exists.Try again'% fname)
#
return fname
#
def get_content():
content = []
print('输入数据,输入end结束')
while True:
line = input('>')
if line == 'end':
break
content.append(line)
#
return content
#
def wfile(name,content):
with open(fname,'w')as fobj:
fobj.writelines(content)
#
if name == 'main':
fname = get_fname()
content = get_content()
content = ['%s\n'% line for line in content]
wfile(fname,content)
alist = [1,2,3,'bob','alice']
alist[0] = 10
alist[1:3] = [20,30]
print(alist)
alist[2:2] = [22,24,26,28]
print(alist)
print(alist.append(100))
alist.remove(24) #删除第一个24
alist.index('bob') #返回下标
blist = alist.copy() #相当于blist = alist[:]
alist.insert(1,15) #向下标为1的位置插入数字15
alist.pop() #默认弹出最后一项
alist.pop(2) #弹出下标为2的项目
alist.pop(alist.index('bob'))
alist = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
alist.sort(reverse=True) #倒叙排序
print(alist)
alist.reverse()
alist.count(20) #统计20出现次数
alist.clear()
alist.append('new')
alist.extend('new') #['n', 'e', 'w']
alist.extend(['hello','world','hehe'])
print(alist)
#检查变量名称是否符合标准
import sys
import keyword
import string
first_chs = string.asciiletters + ''
all_chs = first_chs + string.digits
def check_id(idt):
if keyword.iskeyword(idt):
return "%s is keyword" % idt
if idt[0] not in first_chs:
return "1st invalid"
for ind,ch in enumerate(idt[1:]):
if ch not in all_chs:
return "char in postion #%s invalid" % (ind + 2)
return '%s is valid' % idtif name == 'main':
print(check_id(sys.argv[1]))
#
import subprocess
import sys
from randpass2 import randpass
#
def adduser(username,password,fname):
data= '''user information:
%s:%s
'''
#
subprocess.call('useradd %s'% username,shell=True)
subprocess.call(
'echo %s |passwd --stdin %s'% (password,username),
shell=True
)
with open(fname,'a')as fobj:
fobj.write(data % (username,password))
#
if name == 'main':
username = sys.argv[1]
password = randpass()
adduser(username,password,'/tmp/user.txt')
python adduser.py.john
#
stack = []
#
def push_it():
item = input('item to push: ')
stack.append(item)
#
def pop_it():
if stack:
print("from stack popped %s"% stack.pop())
#
def view_it():
print(stack)
#
import sys
#
def unix2dos(fname):
dst_fname = fname + '.txt'
#
with open(fname)as src_fobj:
with open(dst_fname,'w')as dst_fobj:
for line in src_fobj:
line = line.rstrip() +'\r\n'
dst_fobj.write(line)
#
#
if name == 'main':
unix2dos(sys.argv[1])
import time
#
length = 19
count = 0
#
while True:
print('\r%s@%s'% ('#' count,'#'(length-count)),end="")
try:
time.sleep(0.3)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('\nBye-bye')
break
if count ==length:
count = 0
count += 1
#
adict = dict() #{}
dict(['ab','cd'])
bdict = dict([('name','bob'),('age',25)])
print({}.fromkeys(['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu'],11))
#
for key in bdict:
print('%s:%s'% (key,bdict[key]))
#
print('%(name)s:%(age)s'% bdict)
#
bdict['name'] = 'tom'
bdict['email'] = '[email protected]'
#
del bdict['email']
print(bdict)
bdict.pop('age')
bdict.clear()
stack = []
#
def push_it():
data = input('数据: ').strip()
if data:
stack.append(data)
else:
print('输入内容为空.')
#
def pop_it():
if stack:
print('从栈中,弹出:%s'% stack.pop())
else:
print('空栈')
#
def view_it():
print(stack)
#
def show_menu():
cmds = {'0': push_it,'1': pop_it,'2': view_it}
prompt ="""(0)压栈
(1)出栈
(2)查询
(3)退出
请选择(0/1/2/3): """
#
while True:
choice = input(prompt).strip()
if choice not in ['0','1','2','3']:
print('input is invalid,Try again,')
continue
#
if choice =='3':
print('\nBye-bye')
break
#
cmds[choice]()
#