20.keepalived负载均衡--高可用

1.1keepalived服务概念说明

keepalived软件能干什么?
Keepalived软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，
用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。
VRRP是Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol（虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，
VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，
整个网络可以不间断地运行

keepalived软件工作原理？(重点)
原理
1）VRRP协议，全称Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，
VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
2）VRRP是用过IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0.0.18））实现高可用对之间通信的。
3）工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，
就启动接管程序接管主节点的资源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，
但一般Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。

keepalived软件主要功能？
①. 管理LVS负载均衡软件
②. 实现对LVS集群节点健康检查功能
③. 作为系统网络服务的高可用功能

1.2部署keepalived高可用服务：

1）确认反向代理服务是否工作正常
第一个里程：在lb01/lb02上测试web服务器是否可以正常
lb01/lb02上nginx配置

[root@lb01 scripts]# cat /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
}
7.8.9服务器上nginx配置

[root@web01 ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}

}
验证负载均衡功能是否正常

curl -H host:www.etiantian.org 10.0.0.7/oldboy.html
curl -H host:www.etiantian.org 10.0.0.8/oldboy.html
curl -H host:www.etiantian.org 10.0.0.9/oldboy.html
curl -H host:bbs.etiantian.org 10.0.0.7/oldboy.html
curl -H host:bbs.etiantian.org 10.0.0.8/oldboy.html
curl -H host:bbs.etiantian.org 10.0.0.9/oldboy.html

第二个里程：在浏览器上测试访问lb01/lb02
解析hosts文件，将域名解析为10.0.0.5，进行测试访问
解析hosts文件，将域名解析为10.0.0.6，进行测试访问
scp -rp /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 10.0.0.6:/application/nginx/conf/ ---测试前同步lb01和lb02配置文件

2）安装部署高可用keepalived服务
第一个里程：安装keepalived服务软件
yum install -y keepalived

第二个里程：编写keepalived配置文件
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
man keepalived.conf --- 配置文件说明信息
配置文件结构：
GLOBAL CONFIGURATION --- 全局配置（）
VRRPD CONFIGURATION --- vrrp配置（）
LVS CONFIGURATION --- LVS服务相关配置
advert_int 1 --- 通告的间隔时间，即主端每隔多久向从端发送心跳信息
lb01主负载均衡器配置
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance gorup01 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
/etc/init.d/keepalived reload

lb02配置信息
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance group01 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
/etc/init.d/keepalived reload
3）进行测试访问
本地电脑中的hosts
10.0.0.3 www.etiantian.org
10.0.0.3 bbs.etiantian.org
访问http://www.etiantian.org/仍然可以实现负载均衡

1.3 部署keepalived高可用服务问题

同时在keepalived高可用集群中，出现了两个虚拟IP地址信息，这种情况就称为脑裂

脑裂情况出现原因：
1. 心跳线出现问题
   网卡配置有问题
   交换设备有问题
   线缆连接有问题
2. 有防火墙软件阻止问题
3. virtual_router_id配置数值不正确
总之：只要备服务器收不到组播包，就会成为主，而主资源没有释放，就会出现脑裂

利用shell脚本实现监控管理：
备用设备有VIP就是表示不正常
01. 真正实现主备切换
02. 出现脑裂情况了

[root@lb01 keepalived]# ip a|grep 10.0.0.3
inet 10.0.0.3/24 scope global secondary eth0:1

[root@lb01 keepalived]# ip a|grep -c 10.0.0.3
1

#!/bin/bash
check_info=$(ip a|grep -c 10.0.0.3)
if [ $check_info -ne 0 ]
then
echo "keepalived server error!!!"
fi

1.4 实现nginx反向代理监控虚拟IP地址

如果不配置监听，那么即可以通过NGINX所在的服务器上的其他网卡访问，
也可以通过虚拟Ip访问，这样是不安全的，所以要配置Nginx只监听虚拟Ip，下面是配置
1）编写nginx反向代理配置
server {
listen 10.0.0.3:80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 10.0.0.3:80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 53334/nginx

实现监听本地网卡上没有的IP地址
echo 'net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1' >>/etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

1.5将keepalived服务和反向代理nginx服务建立联系

nginx反向代理服务停止，keepalived服务也停止
1）编写脚本
#!/bin/bash
web_info=$(ps -ef|grep [n]ginx|wc -l)
if [ $web_info -lt 2 ]
then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi

2）运行脚本，实现监控nginx服务
编辑keepalived服务配置文件
vrrp_script check_web {
#定义一个监控脚本，脚本必须有执行权限
script "/server/scripts/check_web.sh"
#指定脚本间隔时间
interval 2
#脚本执行完成，让优先级值和权重值进行运算，从而实现主备切换  
weight 2
}

track_script {
check_web
}

[root@lb01 scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf    
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script check_web {
#定义一个监控脚本，脚本必须有执行权限
script "/server/scripts/check_web.sh"
#指定脚本间隔时间
interval 2
#脚本执行完成，让优先级值和权重值进行运算，从而实现主备切换  
weight 2
}

vrrp_instance gorup01 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
track_script {
check_web
}
}
chmod +x check_web.sh --- 修改脚本可执行权限
停止nginx服务，可发现keepalived服务也被关闭，虚拟ip去了另一台服务器上

1.6实现高可用集群架构中双主配置（互为主备配置）

lb01

[root@lb01 scripts]#cat /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80;
}
server {
listen 10.0.0.3:80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 10.0.0.4:80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
}

[root@lb01 scripts]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance gorup01 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
vrrp_instance gorup02 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.4/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}

lb02

[root@lb02 scripts]#cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance gorup01 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.3/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}
vrrp_instance gorup02 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 52
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.0.0.4/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
}
}

[root@lb02 scripts]# cat /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80;
}
server {
listen 10.0.0.3:80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 10.0.0.4:80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
}

本地hosts
10.0.0.3 www.etiantian.org
10.0.0.4 bbs.etiantian.org