019.Kubernetes二进制部署插件dashboard

一 修改配置文件

1.1 下载解压

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/kubernetes/
  2 [root@k8smaster01 kubernetes]# tar -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz

提示：k8smaster01节点已解压完毕，可直接修改配置。

1.2 修改配置

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
  2 [root@k8smaster01 dashboard]# vi dashboard-service.yaml
  3 ……
  4   type: NodePort			#增加此行，使用node形式访问
  5 ……
  6 #使用node方式访问dashboard

1.3 修改为国内源

  1 [root@k8smaster01 dashboard]# vi dashboard-controller.yaml
  2 ……
  3         image: mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
  4 ……

提示：将yaml文件中的image字段修改为mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1。

二 创建 dashboard

2.1 创建dashboard并检查

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
  2 [root@k8smaster01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f .

2.2 查看分配的NodePort

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
  2 NAME                  READY    UP-TO-DATE    AVAILABLE    AGE
  3 kubernetes-dashboard  1/1      1             1            84s
  4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl --namespace kube-system get pods -o wide
  5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system

提示：k8smaster02 NodePort 31181 映射到 dashboard pod 443 端口。

2.3 查看dashboard参数

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl exec --namespace kube-system -it kubernetes-dashboard-7848d45466-bgz94  -- /dashboard --help

提示：dashboard 的 --authentication-mode 支持 token、basic，默认为 token。如果使用 basic，则 kube-apiserver 必须配置 --authorization-mode=ABAC 和 --basic-auth-file 参数。

三 dashboard验证方式

由于Kubernetes默认证书可能过期导致无法访问dashboard，本实验在已成功部署Kubernetes后手动重新创建证书。

3.1 创建证书

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.key -out dashboard.key
  4 [root@k8smaster01 work]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr
  5 -----
  6 Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
  7 State or Province Name (full name) []:Shanghai
  8 Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Shanghai
  9 Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:k8s
 10 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:System
 11 [root@k8smaster01 work]# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
 12 [root@k8smaster01 work]# openssl x509  -noout -text -in ./dashboard.crt		#查看证书

3.2 分发证书

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# for all_ip in ${ALL_IPS[@]}
  4   do
  5     echo ">>> ${all_ip}"
  6     scp dashboard.* root@${all_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert
  7   done

3.3 修改默认证书配置

  1 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
  2 [root@k8smaster01 dashboard]# kubectl delete -f .		#删除使用默认证书所创建的dashboard
  3 [root@k8smaster01 dashboard]# ll /etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.*
  4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Jun 28 18:06 /etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.crt
  5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  976 Jun 28 18:06 /etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.csr
  6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.7K Jun 28 18:06 /etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.key
  7 
  8 [root@master dashboard]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file="/etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.crt,/etc/kubernetes/cert/dashboard.key" -n kube-system	#挂载新证书到dashboard
  9 [root@master dashboard]# kubectl get secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kube-system -o yaml	#查看新证书

3.4 重新部署dashboard

  1 [root@k8smaster01 work]# cd /opt/k8s/work/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
  2 [root@master dashboard]# kubectl apply -f .
  3 [root@master dashboard]# kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system | grep dashboard		#确认验证

3.5 确认验证

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl --namespace kube-system get pods -o wide
  3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system

提示：k8smaster03 NodePort 30938 映射到 dashboard pod 443 端口。

四 访问dashboard

3.1 导入证书

将dashboard.crt导入IE浏览器，并设置为信任，导入操作略。

3.2 访问方式

本实验采用nodeip:nodepord方式访问。

浏览器访问：https://172.24.8.73:30938

提示：

更多dashboard访问方式及认证可参考《附004.Kubernetes Dashboard简介及使用》。

dashboard登录整个流程可参考：https://www.cnadn.net/post/2613.htm

apiserver方式见3.4，Kubeconfig验证方式见《附006.Kubernetes身份认证》中的3.5。

五 验证方式

5.1 创建token

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create sa dashboard-admin -n kube-system
  2 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
  3 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# ADMIN_SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets -n kube-system | grep dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}')
  4 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret -n kube-system ${ADMIN_SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
  5 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# echo ${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN}	#输入登录的token
  6 eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.X1NJsPNaAgV2TzJo0NlqOWFofDYOsSdkeiYHFGQFk5nNy0nbbnfnnoH0yumj_Ld0nGPakIjEpsUq9dqgCazeCpgk5EsygD6UlSg5sYA2sTLswbDoZdS3QzrOjY5MXWD3VDc_OQofD94MZqHMMw7IABVlfVsZ0vMEvHe-Qtyt6EQlFlHq5QjwDX8dCQDKRbwuiCr-Iy_dCWHHIhaT25BREf2viei8sZ497D8h4TXgO_u2CGf3qXRGNXj26VSdD8bT-BFGiDdyuXPbDHPU5LalvxF4WThChRfjO4zHLI2fOXq8BBF6DjbjhtG4X8fLuvJaxF4YWAmVS_78eJHhA3nvRg

3.4 创建kubeconfig文件

使用token相对复杂，可将token添加至kubeconfig文件中，使用KubeConfig 文件访问dashboard。

  1 [root@k8smaster01 ~]# cd /opt/k8s/work/
  2 [root@k8smaster01 work]# source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
  3 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  4   --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
  5   --embed-certs=true \
  6   --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  7   --kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig		# 设置集群参数
  8 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl config set-credentials dashboard_user \
  9   --token=${DASHBOARD_LOGIN_TOKEN} \
 10   --kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig		# 设置客户端认证参数，使用上面创建的 Token
 11 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl config set-context default \
 12   --cluster=kubernetes \
 13   --user=dashboard_user \
 14   --kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig		# 设置上下文参数
 15 [root@k8smaster01 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=dashboard.kubeconfig			# 设置默认上下文，将dashboard.kubeconfig文件导入，以便于浏览器使用该文件登录。

六 正式登录

6.1 kubeconfig访问

浏览器访问：https://172.24.8.73:30938

提示：由于缺少 Heapster 插件，当前 dashboard 不能展示 Pod、Nodes 的 CPU、内存等统计数据和图表。