前言：下面实验的信息是我在几台配置不同服务器的测试结果，操作系统分别为Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)、Ubuntu 7.10。所以你看到我实验信息的不同时，请不要大惊小怪。而且有些命令也不是所有Linux操作系统都支持（例如在Ubuntu 7.10就不支持dmesg），下面的内容是收集整理的，如有错误或新的方法，也会不停整理、更新。
一：查看CPU信息
1、CPU详细信息
方法1：CPU信息一般保存在proc目录下的cpuinfo文件中。如下所示。
代码
方法2：使用dmesg命令（注意CPU应为大写）
[root@m1 ~]$dmesg | grep CPU SMP: Allowing 8 CPUs, 5 hotplug CPUs NR_CPUS:4096 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:8 nr_node_ids:1 PERCPU: Embedded 31 pages/cpu @ffff880028200000 s95064 r8192 d23720 u262144 CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0 CPU: Processor Core ID: 0 mce: CPU supports 6 MCE banks CPU0: AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processor stepping 03 Brought up 3 CPUs processor LNXCPU:00: registered as cooling_device0 processor LNXCPU:01: registered as cooling_device1 processor LNXCPU:02: registered as cooling_device2
方法3：使用dmidecode查看CPU信息
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[root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t processor # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: Socket M2 Type: Central Processor Family: Athlon Manufacturer: AMD ID: 53 0F 10 00 FF FB 8B 17 Signature: Family 16, Model 5, Stepping 3 FlagsPGE (Page global enable) : FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers)MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (Fast floating-point save and restore) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) HTT (Hyper-threading technology) Version: AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processor Voltage: 1.6 V External Clock: 200 MHz Max Speed: 3000 MHz Current Speed: 3200 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket 754 L1 Cache Handle: 0x0008 L2 Cache Handle: 0x000A L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided Serial Number: Asset Tag: Part Number:
2、查看物理CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l 1 [root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep CPU | grep "Physical Processor ID" | uniq | wc -l 1
3、查看逻辑CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l 3 [root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep "CPU" | grep "processor" | wc -l 3
4、查看CPU是几核的
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cores" | uniq cpu cores : 3
5、查看CPU的主频
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz | uniq cpu MHz : 800.000 [root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz cpu MHz : 800.000 cpu MHz : 800.000 cpu MHz : 800.000
6、查看CPU型号信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c 3 AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processor
7、通过physical id 可以判断物理CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c 1 physical id : 0 1 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual 1 physical id : 0 1 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual 1 physical id : 0 1 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
8、查看CPU是否支持64位运算
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep 'lm' | wc -l 3 结果大于0，说明支持64位运算，lm指long mode 支持lm则是64bit
[root@DB-Server ~]# getconf LONG_BIT 64 etl:/home/etl/$getconf LONG_BIT（另外一台服务器） 32 说明当前CPU运行在32位模式下，当不代表CPU不支持64位
二、 查看内存信息
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[root@DB-Server ~]# more /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 7541288 kB MemFree: 215388 kB Buffers: 186228 kB Cached: 6433572 kB SwapCached: 77404 kB Active: 5489928 kB Inactive: 1346252 kB Active(anon): 5193596 kB Inactive(anon): 1015024 kB Active(file): 296332 kB Inactive(file): 331228 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 9781240 kB SwapFree: 9430432 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 139432 kB Mapped: 3878064 kB Shmem: 5992240 kB Slab: 328284 kB SReclaimable: 159572 kB SUnreclaim: 168712 kB KernelStack: 2056 kB PageTables: 99256 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 13551884 kB Committed_AS: 6943792 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 301620 kB VmallocChunk: 34359431420 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 30720 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 8128 kB DirectMap2M: 2611200 kB DirectMap1G: 5242880 kB
你也可以用free命令查看
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[root@DB-Server ~]# free -k total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7541288 7296708 244580 0 184228 6423360 -/+ buffers/cache: 689120 6852168 Swap: 9781240 351944 9429296 [root@DB-Server ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7364 7125 238 0 179 6272 -/+ buffers/cache: 672 6691 Swap: 9551 343 9208 [root@DB-Server ~]# free -g total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7 6 0 0 0 6 -/+ buffers/cache: 0 6 Swap: 9 0 8
查看内存条型号
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[root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 20 bytes Memory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: 64-bit ECC Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 4096 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 8192 MB Supported Speeds: 70 ns 60 ns 50 ns Supported Memory Types: Standard DIMM Memory Module Voltage: 2.9 V Associated Memory Slots: 2 0x0006 0x0007 Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities: None Handle 0x0006, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: A0 Bank Connections: 1 Current Speed: 53 ns Type: Other Unknown EDO Installed Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x0007, DMI type 6, 12 bytes Memory Module Information Socket Designation: A1 Bank Connections: 2 Current Speed: 53 ns Type: Other Unknown EDO Installed Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OK Handle 0x0020, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 8 GB --支持的最大内存容量 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 2 --内存插槽数 Handle 0x0021, DMI type 17, 27 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0020 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB --内存的大小 Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A0 Bank Locator: Bank0/1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz --内存的频率 Manufacturer: None --制造厂商 Serial Number: None Asset Tag: None Part Number: None Handle 0x0022, DMI type 17, 27 bytes Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0020 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A1 Bank Locator: Bank2/3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: None Serial Number: None Asset Tag: None Part Number: None
三：查看磁盘信息
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[etl@DB-Server proc]$ cat /proc/diskstats 1 0 ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 sda 290401 173708 13610308 1138669 5592296 7339424 82186744 31033036 0 29103930 32162184 8 1 sda1 747 51 23682 826 21 1 176 197 0 859 1022 8 2 sda2 289492 173644 13585226 1137643 2933735 7339423 82186568 3822703 0 2288942 4956541 8 16 sdb 8378007 25553 1398248786 14372436 522826 4256363 36431016 14438999 0 13799072 28771502 8 17 sdb1 8377829 25537 1398247234 14372299 297454 4256363 36431016 11238446 0 10599179 25571609 253 0 dm-0 306988 0 12180714 1735363 12012557 0 80931896 90407053 0 28852187 92142257 253 1 dm-1 71655 0 573240 524681 136010 0 1088080 2444268 0 84622 2968950 253 2 dm-2 8490208 0 1399074474 15306343 4761273 0 36597608 1394194132 0 14056741 1409501653
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[etl@DB-Server proc]$ df -m Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_localhost-lv_root 50397 20475 27363 43% / tmpfs 3683 1 3683 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485 42 419 9% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_localhost-lv_home 3695288 726656 2780922 21% /home
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[etl@DB-Server proc]$ more /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 512000 sda1 8 2 1953001472 sda2 8 16 1953514584 sdb 8 17 1953513472 sdb1 253 0 52428800 dm-0 253 1 9781248 dm-1 253 2 3844296704 dm-2
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[root@DB-Server ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb5acb5ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 243202 1953001472 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xccfbccfb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 243202 1953513472 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/dm-0: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-1: 10.0 GB, 10015997952 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1217 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-2: 3936.6 GB, 3936559824896 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 478592 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
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[root@DB-Server ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_home' [3.58 TiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_swap' [9.33 GiB] inherit [root@DB-Server ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_localhost lvm2 [1.82 TiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb1 VG vg_localhost lvm2 [1.82 TiB / 0 free] Total: 2 [3.64 TiB] / in use: 2 [3.64 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
四：查看网卡信息
1. mii-tool 指令来查看网卡信息。它主要是用于配置网卡工作模式的指令，同时也可以用于查询、监控工作。
2. 直接输入dmesg可以看到开机检测到硬件信息
3. ethtool eth0 采用此命令查到网卡相关的技术指标 (不一定所有网卡支持都支持此命令)
4. more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 用这个可以看到网卡的信息
5. ifconfig
6. lspci
网卡配置文件
每一个网络介质都对应一个配置文件，超级用户可以通过这些配置文件来配置网卡
网卡配置文件存放在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录中
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface-name
设置文件ifcfg-interface-name包含了初始化接口所需的大部分周详信息，其中interface-name将根据网卡的类型和排序而不同，一般其名字为eth0、eth1、ppp0等，
其中eth表示以太(eth0)类型网卡，0表示第一块网卡、1表示第二块网卡，而ppp0则表示point-to-poirt protocol网络接口。在ifcfg文件中定义的各项目取决于接口类型。
DEVICE=name 其中name是物理设备名
IPADDR=addr 其中addr是IP地址
NETMASK=mask 其中mask是网络掩码值
NETWORK=addr 其中addr是网络地址
BROADCAST=addr 其中addr是广播地址
GATEWAY=addr 其中addr是网关地址
ONBOOT=answer 其中answer是yes(引导时激活设备)或no（引导时不激活设备）
USECTL=answer 其中answer是yes（非root用户能控制该设备）或no
BOOTPROTO=proto
[root@DB-Server ~]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 100Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: pg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000001 (1)
Link detected: yes
ethtool -i eth0 加上-i查看网卡驱动
[root@DB-Server ~]# ethtool -i eth0
driver: ATL1C
version: 1.0.1.14
firmware-version: L1e
bus-info: 0000:02:00.0
[root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep eth0
atheros_eth 0000:02:00.0: ATL1C: eth0 NIC Link is Up<100 Mbps Full Duplex>
[root@DB-Server ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=172.20.32.97
NETMASK=255.255.248.0
GATEWAY=172.20.39.251
DNS1=172.20.0.11
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=50:e5:49:df:b0:8b
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
[root@DB-Server ~]# mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
五：查看主板信息
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[root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode|more 查看Base Board Information信息：如下所示 Base Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number: 或用 [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t 2 # dmidecode 2.10 SMBIOS 2.4 present. Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number: [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$" System Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: Serial Number: UUID: 35304535-3439-4446-4230-3842FFFFFFFF Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Family: Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number:
六：查看显卡信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# lspci |grep VGA
01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc 760G [Radeon 3000]