Linux串口

可以参考http://www.cnblogs.com/lovemo1314/archive/2010/10/29/1864327.html

《从实践中学嵌入式linux应用程序开发》(华清远见嵌入式学院)第2章、嵌入式文件和I/O编程

 

设置串口属性的基本流程:

    • 保存原先串口配置

使用tcgetattr(fd,&old_cfg)函数,该函数得到有fd指向的终端的配置参数,并将它们保存于termios结构变量old_cfg中。若调试成功,函数返回值为0,若调试失败,函数返回值为-1;

if(tcgetattr(fd,&old_cfg != 0 )
{
    perror("tcgetattr");
    return -1;
}

若调试成功,函数返回值为0,若调试失败,函数返回值为-1;

  • 激活选项

CLOCAL和CREAD分别用于本地连接和接收使能,因此首先要通过位掩码的方式激活这两个选项。

newtio.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD;

调用cfmakeraw()函数可以将终端设置为原始模式,在后面的实例中,采用原始模式进行串口数据通信。

cfmakeraw(&new_cfg);

  • 设置波特率

cfsetispeed(&new_cfg,B115200);
cfsetospeed(&new_cfg,B115200);

 

  • 设置字符大小

new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;//用数据位掩码清空数据位设置
new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;

 

  • 设置奇偶校验位

//使能奇校验
new_cfg.c_cflag |= (PARODD | PARENB);
new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
//使能偶校验
new_cfg.c_cflag |= PARENB;
new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;//清除奇校验标志,配置为偶校验
new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
  • 设置停止位

new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;//将停止位设置为一个bite
new_cfg.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;//将停止位设置为两个bite
  • 设置最少字符和等待时间

new_cfg.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
new_cfg.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
  • 清除串口缓冲

int tcdrain(int fd);//使程序阻塞,直到输出缓冲区的数据全部发送完毕
int tcflow(int fd,int action);//用于暂停或从新开始输入
int tcflush(int fd,int queue_selector);//用于清空输入/输出缓冲区
  • 激活配置

if((tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&new_cfg)) != 0)
{
    perror("tcsetattr");
    return -1;
}

串口配置实例:

int set_com_config(int fd,int baud_rate,int data_bits,char parity.int stop_bits)
{
    struct termios new_cfg,old_cfg;
    int speed;
    
    if(tcgetattr(fd,&old_cfg != 0)
    {
        perror("tcgetattr");
        return -1;
    }
    new_cfg = old_cfg;
    cfmakeraw(&new_cfg);
    new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;

    switch(baud_rate)
    {
        case 2400:
        {
            speed = B2400;
        }
        break;
        case 4800:
                {
                        speed = B4800;
                }
        break;
        case 9600:
                {
                        speed = B9600;
                }
        break;
        case 19200:
                {
                        speed = B19200;
                }
        break;
        case 38400:
                {
                        speed = B38400;
                }
        break;
        case 115200:
                {
                        speed = B115200;
                }
        break;
    }
    cfsetispeed(&new_cfg,speed);
    cfsetospeed(&new_cfg,speed);
    
    switch(data_bits)
    {
        case 7:
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS7;
        }
        break;
        case 8:
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= CS8;
        }
        break;
    }
    
    switch(parity)
    {
        default:
        case 'n':
        case 'N':
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= ~PARENB;
            new_cfg.c_iflag |= ~INPCK;
        }
        break;
        case 'o':
        case 'O':
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= (PARODD | PARENB);
            new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
        }
        break;
        case 'e':
        case 'E':
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= PARENB;
            new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;
            new_cfg.c_iflag |= INPCK;
        }
        break;
        case 's':
        case 'S':
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
            new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
        }
        break;
    }
    
    switch(stop_bits)
    {
        default:
        case 1:
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
        }
        break;
        case 2:
        {
            new_cfg.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;
        }
        break;
    }
    
    new_cfg.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
    new_cfg.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;

    tcflush(fd,TCIFLUSH);
    
    if(tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&new_cfg)) != 0)
    {
        perror("tcsetattr");
        return -1;
`    }
    return 0;
}

 

  • 串口使用:

  1. 打开串口

int open_port(int com_port)
{
    int fd;
#if(COM_TYPE == GNR_COM)
    char *dev[] = {"/dev/ttyS0","/dev/ttyS1","/dev/ttyS2"};
#else
    char *dev[] = {"/dev/ttyUSB0","/dev/ttyUSB1","/dev/ttyUSB2"};
#endif
    if((com_port < 0) || (com_port > MAX_COM_NUM))
    {
        return -1;
    }
        
    fd = open(dev[com_port - 1].O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
    if(fd < 0)
    {
        perror("open serial port");
        return -1;
    }
        
    if(fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,0) < 0)
    {
        perror("fcntl F_SETFL\n");
    }
        
    if(isatty(fd) == 0)
    {
        perror("This is not a terminal device");
    }
    return fd;
}

 

2.  读写串口

/*com_writer.c*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<error.h>
#include"uart_api.h"

int main(void)
{
    int fd;
    char buff[BUFFER_SIZE];
    if((fd = open_port(HOST_COM_PORT)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open_port");
        return 1;
    }

    if(set_com_config(fd,115200,8,'N',1) < 0)
    {
        perror("set_com_config");
        return 1;
    }
    
    do{
        printf("input some words(enter 'quit' to exit):");
        menset(buff,0,BUFFER_SIZE);
        if(fgets(buff,BUFFER_SIZE,stdin) == NULL)
        {
            perror("fgets");
            break;
        }
        write(fd,buff,strlen(buff));
    }while(strncmp(buff,"quit",4));
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}
/*com_reader.c*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<error.h>
#include"uart_api.h"

int main(void)
{
    int fd;
    char buff[BUFFER_SIZE];
    if((fd = open_port(TARGET_COM_PORT)) < 0)
    {
        perror("open_port");
        return 1;
    }

    if(set_com_config(fd,115200,8,'N',1) < 0)
    {
        perror("set_com_config");
        return 1;
    }
    
    do{
        menset(buff,0,BUFFER_SIZE);
        if(read(fd,buff,BUFFER_SIZE) > 0)
        {
           printf("the received words are : %s",buff);
        }
    }while(strncmp(buff,"quit",4));
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

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