Httpd服务入门知识-正向代理和反向代理
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.正向代理和反向代理
启用反向代理 ProxyPass "/" "http://www.example.com/" ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://www.example.com/"
特定URL反向代理 ProxyPass "/images" "http://www.example.com/" ProxyPassReverse "/images" http://www.example.com/
示例：ServerName www.yinzhengjie.org.cn ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/
二.反向代理配置实战
1>.试验节点角色分配
node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn
客户端
node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
提供"/"路径的服务
node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
提供"/blog"路径的服务
node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
反向代理服务器
2>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================= Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:02 (4/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:05 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 508 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:06 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# echo "node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn
" > /var/www/html/index.html [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlnode105.yinzhengjie.org.cn
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [[email protected] ~]#
3>.node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:02 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:00:07 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 2.6 MB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# echo "https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/
" > /var/www/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlhttps://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/
[[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]#
4>.node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:03 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:00:06 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================= Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED ] 1.6 B/s | 668 kB 434:12:11 ETA http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.nju.e du.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')Trying other mirror. (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:01 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 66 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:46 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/proxy.conf #ProxyPass "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" #此处我将配置注释掉了，此时无法访问node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn，但是可以访问node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn，想要同时启用则不行，还是推荐使用nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理吧。 #ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" ProxyPass "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" ProxyPassReverse "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# httpd -t Syntax OK [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [[email protected] ~]# [[email protected] ~]#
5>.客户端访问
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn/bloghttps://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/
[[email protected] ~]#
三.httpd服务的应用
httpd主要应用在于web服务器，比如常见的lamp架构。
httpd可以支持反向代理的功能，但和nginx，haproxy相比httpd显得有点逊色了。
生产环境中httpd做反向代理的案例特别的少，因此不推荐大家使用httpd做反向代理，推荐使用专业的nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理。