iOS AVFoundation之AVAssetImageGenerator获取视频帧

这个类的主要功能就是获取一个视频里面任何一帧的图片。

  1. 创建AVAssetImageGenerator

AVAssetImageGenerator的初始化方法有两个,一个是类方法, 一个是对象方法, 要闯入的参数都是一个AVAsset对象

- (instancetype)initWithAsset:(AVAsset *)asset;
+ (instancetype)assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:(AVAsset *)asset;

2.实际使用

1.获取某个特定时间的视频帧(图像)

主要用到的方法是:- (nullable CGImageRef)copyCGImageAtTime:(CMTime)requestedTime actualTime:(nullable CMTime *)actualTime error:(NSError * _Nullable * _Nullable)outError

其中CMTime是一个结构体,

typedef struct
{
    CMTimeValue value;      /*! @field value The value of the CMTime. value/timescale = seconds. */
    CMTimeScale timescale;  /*! @field timescale The timescale of the CMTime. value/timescale = seconds.  */
    CMTimeFlags flags;      /*! @field flags The flags, eg. kCMTimeFlags_Valid, kCMTimeFlags_PositiveInfinity, etc. */
    CMTimeEpoch epoch;      /*! @field epoch Differentiates between equal timestamps that are actually different because
                                                 of looping, multi-item sequencing, etc.  
                                                 Will be used during comparison: greater epochs happen after lesser ones. 
                                                 Additions/subtraction is only possible within a single epoch,
                                                 however, since epoch length may be unknown/variable. */
} CMTime;

C语言的API, 需要注意的是: 我们想要的时间 = value/timescale;例如:1s = CMTimeMake(1, 1);
0.5s = CMTimeMake(1, 2);

所以我们获取某一时刻的视频帧

-(void)getImageWithTime:(CMTime)time {
    NSURL *videoUrl = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:@"hubblecast.m4v" withExtension:nil];
    AVAsset *videoAsset = [AVAsset assetWithURL:videoUrl];
    self.videoAsset = videoAsset;

    AVAssetImageGenerator *imageGenerator = [AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:self.videoAsset];
    self.imageGenerator = imageGenerator;
    imageGenerator.maximumSize = CGSizeMake(200, 0);//按比例生成, 不指定会默认视频原来的格式大小
    CMTime actualTime;//获取到图片确切的时间
    NSError *error = nil;
   CGImageRef CGImage = [imageGenerator copyCGImageAtTime:time actualTime:&actualTime error:&error];
    if (!error) {
        
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:CGImage];
        self.imageView.image = image;
        CMTimeShow(actualTime);   //{111600/90000 = 1.240}
        CMTimeShow(time); // {1/1 = 1.000}
    }
    
}


//调用 获取第一帧图片
 [self getImageWithTime:CMTimeMake(1, 1)];

上面发现想要获取的时间(time)和实际获取到的时间的帧(actualTime)不一样
所以得设置
//防止时间出现偏差
imageGenerator.requestedTimeToleranceBefore = kCMTimeZero;
imageGenerator.requestedTimeToleranceAfter = kCMTimeZero;
得到的

      CMTimeShow(actualTime);   //{90000/90000 = 1.000}
       CMTimeShow(time); // {1/1 = 1.000}
获取多个时刻的视频帧

主要用到这个方法, 根据多个CMTime对象转化为NSValue, 用数组包装传进去,然后根据传进去的NSValue个数进行回调, 回调的次数等于NSValue的个数;
- (void)generateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes:(NSArray *)requestedTimes completionHandler:(AVAssetImageGeneratorCompletionHandler)handler;

 self.imageGenerator =                                                   // 1
    [AVAssetImageGenerator assetImageGeneratorWithAsset:self.videoAsset];
    
    // Generate the @2x equivalent
    self.imageGenerator.maximumSize = CGSizeMake(200.0f, 0.0f);             // 2
    
    CMTime duration = self.videoAsset.duration;
    
    NSMutableArray *times = [NSMutableArray array];                         // 3
    CMTimeValue increment = duration.value / 20;
    CMTimeValue currentValue = 2.0 * duration.timescale;
    while (currentValue <= duration.value) {
        CMTime time = CMTimeMake(currentValue, duration.timescale);
        [times addObject:[NSValue valueWithCMTime:time]];
        currentValue += increment;
    }
    
    __block NSUInteger imageCount = times.count;                            // 4
    __block NSMutableArray *images = [NSMutableArray array];
    
    AVAssetImageGeneratorCompletionHandler handler;                         // 5
    
    handler = ^(CMTime requestedTime,
                CGImageRef imageRef,
                CMTime actualTime,
                AVAssetImageGeneratorResult result,
                NSError *error) {
        
        if (result == AVAssetImageGeneratorSucceeded) {                     // 6
            UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:imageRef];
            
            [images addObject:image];
            NSLog(@"%@", image);
        } else {
            NSLog(@"Error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
        }
        
        // If the decremented image count is at 0, we're all done.
        if (--imageCount == 0) {                                            // 7
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                //获取完毕, 作出相应的操作
            });
        }
    };
    
    [self.imageGenerator generateCGImagesAsynchronouslyForTimes:times       // 8
                                              completionHandler:handler];

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