Day1 单词作业
1. cable
▲ [C or U] a set of wires, covered by plastic, that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc.
The road has been dug up in order to lay cables.
overhead power cables
2. almond
▲ an oval nut with a hard shell which can be eaten, or the tree that it grows on
ground/ toasted almonds
3. sprinkler
▲ a piece of equipment for putting water onto fires in a lot of small drops to put them out
▲ a device with a lot of small holes which you put on the end of a hose in order to water plants, grass, etc.
4. premise
▲ An idea or theory on which a statement or action is based
5. scepticism
▲ The disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge.
6. fertile
▲ describes land that can produce a large number of good quality crops
7. nudge
▲ [T] to push something or someone gently, especially to push someone with your elbow(= the middle part of your arm where it bends)to attract their attention
The children were giggling and nudging each other.
▲ [I+ adverb or prepositionT]to move slowly and almost reach a higher point or level
Oil prices continue to nudge higher.
8. beef up
▲ to make something stronger or more important
We need to find some new players to beef up the team.
The company has plans to beef up its production.
9. unprecedented
▲ never having happened or existed in the past
This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
10. executive
▲ [N] (INFORMAL exec)someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action
She is now a senior executive, having worked her way up through the company.
▲ [N] the executive
the part of a government that is responsible for making certain that laws and decisions are put into action
▲ [N] a group of people who run a business or an organisation
The executive of the health workers' union accepted the proposed pay increase on behalf of their members.
▲ [adj] relating to making decisions and managing businesses, or suitable for people with important jobs in business
His executive skills will be very useful to the company.
11. whinge
▲ [INFORMAL] to complain, especially about something which does not seem important
12. propel
▲ to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of force
a rocket propelled through space
▲ propel sb into/to/towards sth
to cause someone to do an activity or be in a situation
The film propelled him to international stardom.
13. lure
▲ [C usually singular] the quality or power that something or someone has that makes them attractive. 物体本身具有的某种性质使得它具有吸引力
the lure of fame/power/money
▲ [C] an artificial insect or other small animal which is put on the end of a fishing line to attract fish
14. entice
▲ To persuade by offering something pleasant.
The adverts entice the customer into buying things they don't really want.
15. virtuous
▲ having good moral qualities and behaviour
He described them as a virtuous and hard-working people.
▲ [disapproving] describes a person who thinks himself or herself morally better than other people
I'm convinced he only does that charity work so he can feel virtuous.
16. prophecy
▲ [C] a statement that says what is going to happen in the future, especially one which is based on what you believe about a particular matter rather than existing facts
The minister suggested that the dire prophecies of certain leading environmentalists were somewhat exaggerated.
▲ [U] [FORMAL] the ability to say what is going to happen in the future
17. crank out
▲ To produce something with no special care or effort.
18. wingspan
=wing翅膀+span全长，跨距=翼展
19. bloat
▲ to swell up, or to make someone or something swollen
If I eat it, my stomach bloats up.
20. drone
▲ [S] a low continuous noise which does not change its note
the drone of an engine
21. presumably
▲ used to say what you think is the likely situation
They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.
22. trigger
▲ [C]a part of a gun which causes the gun to fire when pressed
It's not clear who actually pulled the trigger.
23. adjacent
=ad(near)+jacent(to lie)=毗邻的
24. chip away
一点点削弱
25. predatory
=pred(plunder)+a+tory=掠夺的
▲ A predatory animal kills and eats other animals
The owl is a predatory bird which kills its prey with its claws.
▲ [mainly disapproving] A predatory person or organisation tries to get something that belongs to someone else
The company spent much effort in avoiding takeover bids from predatory competitors.
▲ [disapproving] describes someone who expresses sexual interest in a very obvious way
I hate going to bars on my own because men look at you in such a predatory way.
Day2 逻辑导图+神句翻译
1. The former bookseller accounts for more than half of every new dollar spent on line in U.S.
在美国，花费在网购上的每一美元中就有超过一半是这个曾经的书商所造成的。
美国新增线上交易中,书商起家的亚马逊占到一半以上份额。
Account for 真是描述比例的高频词组，eg. The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.
2. Since the beginning of 2015, its share price has jumped by 173%, seven times quicker than in the two previous years.(and 12 times faster than the S&P 500 Index)
从2015年起，它的股价暴涨了173%，比过去的两年快了七倍（并且是标准普尔500指数的12倍）
自2015年初起，亚马逊公司股价飙升173%，增速是前两年的七倍。（为标准普尔500指数的12倍）
表示上升的动词大家可以好好总结积累，除了jump(更动感更有力),还有climb, increase, go up, rise等等，下降又有哪些呢？希望大家遇到这些常用词（不是所有单词哦，取舍，恩，取舍~~）的时候多多扩散，举一反三。
3. With a market capitalization of some 400bn, it is the fifth most valuable firm in the world.
如今，它拥有着大约400bn市值，是世界最有价值的五家企业之一。
亚马逊以约4000亿美元的市值排名全球第五。
Kiss原则：keep it simple, stupid. 后面的most valuable firm就是在讲其市值排名，所以翻译时候不要太拘泥于原文形式哦, “得意忘形”。
4. Never before has a company been worth so much for so long while making so little money: 92% of its value is due to profits expected after 2020.
以前从未有过这样一家公司，在这么长的时间里挣得这么少的钱，却拥有这么高的价值。这是因为它92%的价值来自于对2020年后的估值。
从未有过一家公司能在盈利如此有限的情况下，长久维持如此之高的估值：其中92%来自2020年以后的盈利预期。
5. Walmart already has revenues nudging 500bn and is beefing up online.
沃尔玛已经拥有了500bn的收入，它的网上商店也在发展壮大。
沃尔玛的营收已接近5000亿，并且还在增强线上业务。
提醒大家注意revenue和profit的区别，一个是收入一个是利润，不要混淆哈。Nudge和beef up也很形象啊，前者原意是往前挤，后者大家可以联想一下，吃下牛肉后会不会有种元气满满的赶脚？！
6. Last year cash-flow (before investment) was $16bn, more than quadruple the level five years ago.
去年的现金流（投资前）是$16bn，比五年前的四倍还要多。
去年现金流（投资之前）为160亿美元，是五年前的四倍。
在群里发现有同学认为quadruple是形容词，此处确实是形容词，后面the level 5 years ago是一个整体，也是quadruple形容的对象。但它也可以用作动词：例如Sales have quadrupled in the last five years. Triple和double也是同样如此。
7. If it makes as much money as investors hope, a rough calculation suggests its earnings could be worth the equivalent of 25% of the combined profits of listed Western retail and media firms.
如果它能够挣得投资者预期的收益，我们可以粗略估计出，它的收入能够与西方所有的上市零售公司和网店的收益的25%媲美。
如果该公司实际业绩与投资者预期一致，据初步统计,其利润将等同于所有西方零售和媒体上市公司利润总和的25%。
Earnings=ProfitsEarnings per share每股收益；Export Earnings出口利润
Listed companies上市公司
8. Ground for skepticism does not come much more fertile than this: Amazon will have to grow faster than almost any big company in modern history to justify its valuation.
怀疑论者最充分的理由莫过于此：为了与它的估值相匹配，亚马逊的发展速度将不得不超过现代社会的任何一家大公司。
最强有力的质疑根据是：亚马逊的增长速度必须超过近代史上几乎任意一家大公司才能支撑其估值。
第一句确实很绕口，建议大家作为passive储备。但遇到这样的句式至少要能快速反应过来，土壤不能更肥沃，也就是到顶了，Ground衍生为根据，理由。这是一个比喻，大家想象一下土壤很肥沃，是不是有一种很有底气的赶脚呢？英文中有很多这样的比喻，需要大家结合上下文和背景知识去衍生理解。神句17也是如此。经典的I can not agree with you more.僵硬的翻译就是不能同意更多，一样是到顶了。于是正解就是：完全同意。
倒是后面的justify希望大家好好吃透它的用法，变为active vocabulary,因为它更常见/用。Eg. Her success had justified the faith her teacher had put in her./ The Prime Minister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament./How can they justify paying such huge salaries?基本上就是“证明正确”。
9. In an era when executives routinely whinge about pressure to produce short-term results, Amazon is resolutely focused on the distant horizon.
当下，决策机构通常会抱怨取得短期结果的压力，而亚马逊坚决地将目光放得长远。
当今时代，主管们常常抱怨实现短期目标压力太大，而亚马逊则坚定不移的聚焦长远目标。
注意短语和固定搭配~~
10. Mr. Bezos emphasizes continual investment to propel its two principal businesses.
Mr. Bezos强调要进行持续性的投资来推进它的两项主要业务的发展。
贝索斯先生重视两大核心业务的持续投资以促进发展。
有木有发现中文结构比英文松散很多？？但是形散神不散~~
提醒大家注意常见搭配，propel搭配business.
11. A third virtuous circle is starting to whirl around Alexa, the firm’s voice-activated assistant:
该公司正围绕着Alexa——公司的语音助手开始了第三轮的良心循环。
第三个良性循环是围绕Alexa的，即该公司声控助手。
提醒大家注意常见搭配，circle搭配whirl.
12. So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy.
只要股东们保持住他们对这个模型的信心，亚马逊的估值就是自我实现预言的典例。
只要股东对这一模式保持信念，那么亚马逊的超高估值就类似于自我实现预言。
提醒大家注意搭配：heady valuation
13. Their faith is sustained by Amazon’s record.
他们的信念是由亚马逊的历史所支撑的。
此处尤其提醒大家常见搭配：faith搭配sustain
14. It has had its failures—its attempt to make a smart-phone was a debacle. But the business is starting to crank out cash.
它有过失败——它曾经试图生产一款智能手机，然而这事完全失败了。尽管如此，他们的生意也开始挣大钱了。
……尽管这款智能手机是失败的，但是这家公司整体上是赚钱的。
Debacle多么高大上的表达，比什么disaster啥的高级多了，希望大家记住它。
另外，提醒大家business用作可数名词的时候，有公司，企业的意思，to have/start/run a business拥有/开办/经营企业。以后不要老company company的啦~用词多样化~~比如文中左下部分，描述良性循环的那块，吸引客户这个吸引二字，作者用了三个不同的单词：lure, entice, attract.
15. If Amazon’s approach to time-frames is unusual, so too is the sheer breadth of its activities.
亚马逊不仅对时间范围的要求不同寻常，它所开展的活动的范围、难度也不同寻常。
此处也是提醒大家各种常见搭配：approach搭配to, breadthof activities经营范围
16. A wingspan this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate than a retailer, which makes Amazon’s share price seem even more bloated: stock markets typically apply a “conglomerate discount” to reflect their in- efficiencies.
这么大的规模，与其说它是一家零售商，不如说是一个联合企业。这个联合体使得亚马逊的股价看起来膨胀得厉害：股票市场通常采用“多元折让率”来反映其内部效率。
这么宽广的业务范围让人们更多地联想到的是综合性的大企业而不是一家零售商，这样看来，亚马逊的股价就显得更加夸张了。因为在股票市场上通常会存在集团化折扣的现象，因为综合性大公司通常都是低效的。
17. Seen through this lens, Amazon appears pristine.
从这个角度来看，亚马逊是未受损害的。
透过这面棱镜，好似洁白无瑕。衍生的意思就是：从这方面来看，似乎亚马逊并无过失。可以和神句8联系起来体会。
18. Consumers applaud it; it is the most well-regarded company in America, according to a Harris poll.
消费者称赞它；而一份哈里斯民意测验显示，它是全美最受欢迎的公司。
扩展：Most well-regarded company/ Most admired company/ Most highly-regarded company/ BestPerceived Brand
19. If it gets anywhere close to fulfilling them, it will attract the attention of regulators.
假如它在实现期望的过程中由任何进展，它就会吸引调解者的注意。
regulator应该翻译成什么好呢？——监管者，监管部门
划线词组值得珍藏，指的是几乎实现。
20. But as it grows, so will concerns about its power.
但随着它的成长，对于它的能力的担忧也日益增多。
As…., so…随着….也就…
21. Investors value Amazon’s growth over profits; that makes predatory pricing more tempting.
投资者用利润来衡量亚马逊的增长，这使得掠夺性定价更具吸引力。
Value A over B更看重A而非B;
ChooseA overB选择A而非B
Day3 总结反思
今天看了June给的参考译文、听了她的讲解之后，终于对整篇文章有了更深的理解。我对于这类文章非常苦恼，总是不能完完整整地理解全文，更别说把握到作者的写作目的了。
仔细看看自己昨天的翻译，啊，翻得好尴尬啊岂可修！
翻译“信达雅”的要求，不明白应该怎样掌握这个度。June说，“以说人话的方式表达愿意，不要太拘泥于形式。”英文和中文之间太不相同了，逐字翻译的话会造成表意混乱，但是义译的话又会带入太多翻译者自身赋予译文的理解。对目前的我来说，更要命的是义译有危险呀，考试的时候踩不到分咋办……
Nida说翻译应该先考虑形式对等，形式对等行不通时再考虑功能对等。但是这个度真的好难把握啊。什么时候才算是形式对等失效呢？再则，一旦使用功能对等原则进行翻译，我很容易就会“越界”，一不小心就脱离原文，直接进行“在创作”了。Day2的翻译练习里，我很小心地、近乎是逐字地进行翻译，然鹅，有很多句子在我一开始阅读source text的时候就理解错了，翻译成中文之后更是显得莫名其妙；另一些句子意思勉强能够说通，但读起来别别扭扭，翻译的痕迹太重。
明明是“白日依山尽”，我偏译成了“太阳在山的旁边落下”。咿——呀鸡皮疙瘩都起来啦。
这是高中毕业之后第一次做思维导图。高中时做过政治的思维导图，但政治课本条理太清晰（并且是中文课本），目录就是一份思维导图了……这回的导图我真是脑汁绞尽才挤出这么一张图……今天再回头看看，嗯，几乎想不起来自己是怎么想的了。achieve和problem两大块没有什么大问题，但是后面的细节就有些混乱了，有些地方没有抓住重点，还有些地方有缺漏。尤其是problem这一方面，我不太能总结得出有哪些点，最后就只写了那么一丢丢，很难起到引导的作用。
任重道远呀。今天是第三天，之后也要继续加油~( •̀ ω •́ )y