Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡群集

Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡群集

    nginx处理静态
    tomcat处理动态
    合并为动静分离（前后端分离）

Tomcat重要目录

    bin：存放启动和关闭Tomcat脚本
    conf：存放Tomcat不同的配置文件
    doc：存放Tomcat文档
    lib/japser/common：存放Tomcat运行需要的库文件
    logs：存放Tomcat执行时的LOG文件
    src：存放Tomcat的源代码
    webapps：Tomcat的主要Web发布目录

实验前置知识点:

Nginx静态处理优势

    1.Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
    2.如果Tomcat的请求量为1000次，则Nginx的请求量为6000次
    3.Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0 6M，Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3.6M
    4.Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍，优势可见一斑

动静分离原理：服务端接收来自客户端的请求中，既有静态资源也有动态资源

环境准备：

    nginx：192.168.18.147----CentOS 7-1
    Tomcat 1：192.168.18.128----CentOS 7-2
    Tomcat 2：129.168.18.148----CentOS 7-3
    客户端：192.168.18.129----Win 7

Tomcat 1服务器CentOS 7-2的操作：

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname tomcat1
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@tomcat1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@tomcat1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /aaa
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.10.189/rpm /aaa
Password for root@//192.168.10.189/rpm:  
[root@tomcat1 ~]# cd /aaa/tomcat/
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz        nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

#设置环境变量：
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# vim /etc/profile   
#按大写字母G到末行，按小写字母o在下行插入以下内容：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
#修改完成后，按Esc退出插入模式，输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz        nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat1 local]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.16  etc    include      lib    libexec  share
bin                   games  jdk1.8.0_91  lib64  sbin     src
[root@tomcat1 local]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ tomcat
[root@tomcat1 local]# ls
bin  games    jdk1.8.0_91  lib64    sbin   src
etc  include  lib          libexec  share  tomcat
[root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown..sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat1 local]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1"
[root@tomcat1 local]# cd /web/webapp1/
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# vim index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.until.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

 
  

 
  <% out.println("Welcome ACCP Web");%>
 

#添加完成后输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
#输入/Host查找到以下内容

#在此行下插入，添加站点目录


#添加完成后输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.ja
Tomcat started.

到宿主机中的浏览器输入：192.168.18.128:8080 可以看到：Welcome KGC Web

Tomcat 2服务器CentOS 7-4的操作：

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname tomcat2
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@tomcat1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@tomcat1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir /aaa
[root@tomcat1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.10.189/rpm /aaa
Password for root@//192.168.10.189/rpm:  
[root@tomcat1 ~]# cd /aaa/tomcat/
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz        nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

#设置环境变量：
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# vim /etc/profile   
#按大写字母G到末行，按小写字母o在下行插入以下内容：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
#修改完成后，按Esc退出插入模式，输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz        nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat1 tomcat]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat1 local]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.16  etc    include      lib    libexec  share
bin                   games  jdk1.8.0_91  lib64  sbin     src
[root@tomcat1 local]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ tomcat
[root@tomcat1 local]# ls
bin  games    jdk1.8.0_91  lib64    sbin   src
etc  include  lib          libexec  share  tomcat
[root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat1 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown..sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat1 local]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1"
[root@tomcat1 local]# cd /web/webapp1/
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# vim index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.until.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

 
  

 
  <% out.println("Welcome KGC Web");%>
 

#添加完成后输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
#输入/Host查找到以下内容

#在此行下插入，添加站点目录


#添加完成后输入:wq保存退出
[root@tomcat1 webapp1]# startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.ja
Tomcat started.

到宿主机中的浏览器输入：192.168.18.148:8080 可以看到：Welcome ACCP Web

Nginx服务器CentOS 7-1的操作：

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname nginx
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@nginx ~]# yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make -y
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir  /aaa
[root@nginx ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.10.189/rpm /aaa
Password for root@//192.168.10.189/rpm:  
[root@nginx ~]# cd /aaa/tomcat/
[root@nginx tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz  jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz
jdk-7u65-linux-x64.gz        nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
[root@nginx tomcat]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@nginx tomcat]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.0/
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ls
auto     CHANGES.ru  configure  html     man     src
CHANGES  conf        contrib    LICENSE  README
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_flv_module
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#gzip  on;              #在下行插入以下内容
upstream tomcat_server {
          server 192.168.18.128:8080 weight=1;
          server 192.168.18.148:8080 weight=1;
}

location / {
    root   html;
    index  index.html index.htm;        #在下行插入
    proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
#修改完成后按Esc退出插入模式，输入:wq保存退出
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# netstat -ntap | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80         0.0.0.0:*        LISTEN        8917/nginx: master  

验证轮询机制：

1.在宿主机中的浏览器输入：192.168.18.147 可以看到：Welcome KGC Web

2.再次刷新可以可到：Welcome ACCP Web