spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证

JSON Web Token(JWT)是目前流行的跨域身份验证解决方案。
官网:https://jwt.io/
本文使用spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口验证。

一、JWT的数据结构

JWT由header(头信息)、payload(有效载荷)和signature(签名)三部分组成的,用“.”连接起来的字符串。
JWT的计算逻辑如下:
(1)signature = HMACSHA256(base64UrlEncode(header) + "." + base64UrlEncode(payload), secret)
其中私钥secret保存于服务器端,不能泄露出去。
(2)JWT = base64UrlEncode(header) + "." + base64UrlEncode(payload) + signature

下面截图以官网的例子,简单说明

spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证_第1张图片

二、JWT工作机制

客户端使用其凭据成功登录时,服务器生成JWT并返回给客户端。
当客户端访问受保护的资源时,用户代理使用Bearer模式发送JWT,通常在Authorization header中,如下所示:
Authorization: Bearer
服务器检查Authorization header中的有效JWT ,如果有效,则允许用户访问受保护资源。JWT包含必要的数据,还可以减少查询数据库或缓存信息。

三、spring boot集成JWT实现api接口验证

开发环境:
IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
jdk1.8
Spring Boot 2.1.11

1、创建一个SpringBoot项目,pom.xml引用的依赖包如下

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.auth0groupId>
            <artifactId>java-jwtartifactId>
            <version>3.8.3version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <version>1.18.10version>
            <scope>providedscope>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
            <artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
            <version>1.2.62version>
        dependency>

2、定义一个接口的返回类

package com.example.jwtdemo.entity;


import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class ResponseData implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 状态码:0-成功,1-失败
     * */
    private int code;

    /**
     * 错误消息,如果成功可为空或SUCCESS
     * */
    private String msg;

    /**
     * 返回结果数据
     * */
    private T data;

    public static ResponseData success() {
        return success(null);
    }

    public static ResponseData success(Object data) {
        ResponseData result = new ResponseData();
        result.setCode(0);
        result.setMsg("SUCCESS");
        result.setData(data);
        return result;
    }

    public static ResponseData fail(String msg) {
        return fail(msg,null);
    }

    public static ResponseData fail(String msg, Object data) {
        ResponseData result = new ResponseData();
        result.setCode(1);
        result.setMsg(msg);
        result.setData(data);
        return result;
    }
}

3、统一拦截接口返回数据

package com.example.jwtdemo.config;


import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.example.jwtdemo.entity.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;

/**
 * 实现ResponseBodyAdvice接口,可以对返回值在输出之前进行修改
 */
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalResponseHandler implements ResponseBodyAdvice {

    //判断支持的类型
    @Override
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Classextends HttpMessageConverter> aClass) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object beforeBodyWrite(Object o, MethodParameter methodParameter, MediaType mediaType, Classextends HttpMessageConverter> aClass, ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse) {
        // 判断为null构建ResponseData对象进行返回
        if (o == null) {
            return ResponseData.success();
        }
        // 判断是ResponseData子类或其本身就返回Object o本身,因为有可能是接口返回时创建了ResponseData,这里避免再次封装
        if (o instanceof ResponseData) {
            return (ResponseData) o;
        }
        // String特殊处理,否则会抛异常
        if (o instanceof String) {
            return JSON.toJSON(ResponseData.success(o)).toString();
        }
        return ResponseData.success(o);
    }
} 
  
 

4、统一异常处理

package com.example.jwtdemo.exception;

import com.example.jwtdemo.entity.ResponseData;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseData exceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return ResponseData.fail(e.getMessage());
    }
}

5、创建一个JWT工具类

package com.example.jwtdemo.common;

import com.auth0.jwt.JWTVerifier;
import com.auth0.jwt.algorithms.Algorithm;
import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.DecodedJWT;
import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;

import java.util.Date;

public class JwtUtils {
    public static final String TOKEN_HEADER = "Authorization";
    public static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer ";
    // 过期时间,这里设为5分钟
    private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000;
    // 密钥
    private static final String SECRET = "jwtsecretdemo";

    /**
     * 生成签名,5分钟后过期
     *
     * @param name 名称
     * @param secret 密码
     * @return 加密后的token
     */
    public static String sign(String name) {
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME);
        Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(SECRET); //使用HS256算法
        String token = JWT.create() //创建令牌实例
                .withClaim("name", name) //指定自定义声明,保存一些信息
                //.withSubject(name) //信息直接放在这里也行
                .withExpiresAt(date) //过期时间
                .sign(algorithm); //签名
        return token;
    }

    /**
     * 校验token是否正确
     *
     * @param token 令牌
     * @param secret 密钥
     * @return 是否正确
     */
    public static boolean verify(String token) {
        try{
            String name = getName(token);
            Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(SECRET);
            JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm)
                    .withClaim("name", name)
                    //.withSubject(name)
                    .build();
            DecodedJWT jwt = verifier.verify(token);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获得token中的信息
     *
     * @return token中包含的名称
     */
    public static String getName(String token) {
        try {
            DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
            return jwt.getClaim("name").asString();
        }catch(Exception e){
            return null;
        }
    }
}

6、新建两个自定义注解:一个需要认证、另一个不需要认证

package com.example.jwtdemo.config;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface LoginToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}
package com.example.jwtdemo.config;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface PassToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}

7、新建拦截器并验证token

package com.example.jwtdemo.config;

import com.example.jwtdemo.common.JwtUtils;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        // 如果不是映射到方法直接通过
        if(!(handler instanceof HandlerMethod)){
            return true;
        }
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod=(HandlerMethod)handler;
        Method method=handlerMethod.getMethod();
        //检查是否有passtoken注释,有则跳过认证
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PassToken.class)) {
            PassToken passToken = method.getAnnotation(PassToken.class);
            if (passToken.required()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        //检查有没有需要用户权限的注解
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(LoginToken.class)) {
            LoginToken loginToken = method.getAnnotation(LoginToken.class);
            if (loginToken.required()) {
                // 执行认证
                String tokenHeader = request.getHeader(JwtUtils.TOKEN_HEADER);// 从 http 请求头中取出 token
                if(tokenHeader == null){
                    throw new RuntimeException("没有token");
                }
                String token = tokenHeader.replace(JwtUtils.TOKEN_PREFIX, "");
                if (token == null) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("没有token");
                }
                boolean b = JwtUtils.verify(token);
                if (b == false) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("token不存在或已失效,请重新获取token");
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

8、配置拦截器

package com.example.jwtdemo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(authenticationInterceptor())
                .addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationInterceptor authenticationInterceptor() {
        return new AuthenticationInterceptor();
    }
}

9、新建一个测试的控制器

package com.example.jwtdemo.controller;

import com.example.jwtdemo.common.JwtUtils;
import com.example.jwtdemo.config.LoginToken;
import com.example.jwtdemo.config.PassToken;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
public class DemoController {
    @PassToken
    @PostMapping("getToken")
    public String getToken(@RequestParam String userName, @RequestParam String password){
        if(userName.equals("admin") && password.equals("123456")){
            String token = JwtUtils.sign("admin");
            return token;
        }
        return "用户名或密码错误";
    }

    @LoginToken
    @GetMapping("getData")
    public String getData() {
        return "获取数据...";
    }

}

10、Postman测试

(1)GET请求:http://localhost:8080/getData,返回如下

spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证_第2张图片

 (2)GET请求:http://localhost:8080/getData,在token中随便输入字符串,返回如下

spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证_第3张图片

 (3)POST请求:http://localhost:8080/getToken,并设置用户名和密码参数,返回如下

spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证_第4张图片

 (4)GET请求:http://localhost:8080/getData,在token中输入上面token字符串,返回如下

spring boot 2 集成JWT实现api接口认证_第5张图片

 

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