Python发送邮件

Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。

• 发送纯文本内容：

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

class SendMail(object):
   def __init__(self):
       self.fromUser = "[email protected]" 
       self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
       self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

   # 构造邮件结构
   # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["[email protected]","[email protected]"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
   def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       # 邮件对象:
       mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
       mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
       mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
       mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
       # 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
       mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
       return mailMsg.as_string()

   # 发送邮件
   def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
       # 连接服务器发送邮件
       try:
           server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
           server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 连接smtp服务器
           server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登录邮箱
           server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 发送邮件
           server.quit()
       except Exception:
           print("Error: unable to send email")


a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

• 效果图

  
  
  

  发送纯文本内容效果图

如果Email中要加上附件怎么办？带附件的邮件可以看做包含若干部分的邮件：文本和各个附件本身，所以，可以构造一个MIMEMultipart对象代表邮件本身，然后往里面加上一个MIMEText作为邮件正文，再继续往里面加上表示附件的MIMEBase对象即可：

其实就是打开图片并引入(加上这段内容)

with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
            # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
            mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
            # 加上必要的头信息:
            mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
            mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
            mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
            # 把附件的内容读进来:
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            # 用Base64编码:
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
            mailMsg.attach(mime)

• 发送附件图片 （完整代码如下：）

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

class SendMail(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fromUser = "[email protected]" 
        self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
        self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

    # 构造邮件结构
    # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["[email protected]","[email protected]"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
    def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        # 邮件对象:
        mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
        mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
        mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
        mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
        # 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
        mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

        # 发送图片附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
        # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
        with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
            # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
            mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
            # 加上必要的头信息:
            mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
            mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
            mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
            # 把附件的内容读进来:
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            # 用Base64编码:
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
            mailMsg.attach(mime)
        return mailMsg.as_string()
    # 发送邮件
    def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
        # 连接服务器发送邮件
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
            server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 连接smtp服务器
            server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登录邮箱
            server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 发送邮件
            server.quit()
        except Exception:
            print("Error: unable to send email")

a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

• 效果图

  
  
  

  附件图片效果图

如果要把一个图片嵌入到邮件正文中怎么做？直接在HTML邮件中链接图片地址行不行？答案是，大部分邮件服务商都会自动屏蔽带有外链的图片，因为不知道这些链接是否指向恶意网站。

要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中，我们只需按照发送附件的方式，先把邮件作为附件添加进去，然后，在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片，给它们依次编号，然后引用不同的cid:x即可。

其实就是将MIMEText 格式改变一下

mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('
%s
' % (msg) + '
' + '', 'html','utf-8'))

• 将附件图片包含在邮件内容中（完整代码如下：）

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

class SendMail(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fromUser = "[email protected]" 
        self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
        self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

    # 构造邮件结构
    # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["[email protected]","[email protected]"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
    def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        # 邮件对象:
        mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
        mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
        mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
        mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
        # 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
        # 加载图片并引入到邮件内容中来
        mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('
%s
' % (msg) + '
' + '', 'html','utf-8'))
        # 发送图片附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
        # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
        with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
            # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
            mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
            # 加上必要的头信息:
            mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
            mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
            mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
            # 把附件的内容读进来:
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            # 用Base64编码:
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
            mailMsg.attach(mime)
        return mailMsg.as_string()

    # 发送邮件
    def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
        # 连接服务器发送邮件
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
            server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 连接smtp服务器
            server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登录邮箱
            server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 发送邮件
            server.quit()
        except Exception:
            print("Error: unable to send email")

a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

• 效果图

  
  
  

  邮件内容包含附件图片

• 发送纯文本附件

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

class SendMail(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fromUser = "[email protected]" 
        self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
        self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"


    # 构造邮件结构
    # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["[email protected]","[email protected]"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
    def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        # 邮件对象:
        mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
        mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
        mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
        mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
        # 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
        mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))


        # 发送文件附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
        # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个文件:
        with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\aaa.txt", "rb") as f:
            # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
            mime = MIMEBase("txta", "txt", filename="test.txt")
            # 加上必要的头信息:
            mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.txt')
            mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
            mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
            # 把附件的内容读进来:
            mime.set_payload(f.read())
            # 用Base64编码:
            encoders.encode_base64(mime)
            # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
            mailMsg.attach(mime)
        return mailMsg.as_string()
    # 发送邮件
    def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
        mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
        # 连接服务器发送邮件
        try:
            server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
            server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 连接smtp服务器
            server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登录邮箱
            server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 发送邮件
            server.quit()
        except Exception:
            print("Error: unable to send email")

a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["[email protected]", "[email protected]"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

• 效果图

  
  
  

  纯文本附件效果图