1. 背景需求

  在openstack中,nova负责openstack虚拟机的生命周期的管理,neutron则负责虚拟机的网络管理工作,默认情况下,创建一台虚拟机,nova会根据nova-scheduler调度算法,选择一台最合适的compute节点,同时会从neutron的地址池中分配一个ip地址给虚拟机,从而完成虚拟机的创建过程。

  然而,在一些特殊的场景中,如相同业务的虚拟机,希望落在不通的compute节点上,为虚拟机分配原有的ip地址,此时通过nova内置的调度是难以实现的,或者在一些应用场景,基于企业的CMDB联动,让相同业务的虚拟机,散落在openstack nova中的不同节点,从而减小down机的几率,减少故障的发生。本文以在指定的compute节点创建instance,并为其分配一个固定的ip地址为例。


2. 获取创建instance的基本信息

  1. 获取镜像p_w_picpath id

[root@controller ~]# glance p_w_picpath-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name                     | Disk Format | Container Format | Size        | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+
| 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 | cirrors                  | qcow2       | bare             | 13200896    | active |    #需要创建instance的p_w_picpath id
| ff0f7d03-a553-4357-a819-c74e913d649f | win2k8                   | qcow2       | bare             | 3391881216  | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+

2. 获取套餐flavor id

[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-list
+--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
| ID                                   | Name             | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
| 1                                    | m1.large         | 8192      | 100  | 10        |      | 4     | 1.0         | True      |
| 10                                   | V.GF1            | 8192      | 10   | 0         |      | 4     | 1.0         | True      |    #需要创建的flavor id

3. 获取安全组id

[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| Id                                   | Name    | Description |
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
| 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d | default | default     |        #secgroup的id号码
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+

4. 获取keypair

[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list
+------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Fingerprint                                     |
+------+-------------------------------------------------+
| KEY  | 15:63:f2:de:74:53:a1:03:eb:36:27:e6:d9:00:41:22 |        #keypair的名字
+------+-------------------------------------------------+

5. 获取neutron网络id号码

[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| id                                   | name          | subnets                                               |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206 | vmTest        | 79cb82a1-eac1-4311-8e6d-badcabd22e44 192.168.100.0/24 |    #需要启动的网络id号
+--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

6. 获取coompute的主机名和zone名称

[root@controller ~]# nova service-list
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| Binary           | Host                    | Zone              | Status  | State | Updated_at                 | Disabled Reason |
+------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| nova-conductor   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:58.000000 | -               |
| nova-cert        | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:52.000000 | -               |
| nova-consoleauth | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | -               |
| nova-scheduler   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8  | internal          | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | -               |
| nova-compute     | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | -               |    #需要启动的compute节点
| nova-compute     | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_14 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up    | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | -               |

3. 在指定的compute节点启动虚拟机,并指定固定ip地址

[root@controller ~]# nova boot --flavor 10  \            #flavor名字
--p_w_picpath 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 \            #镜像id   
--key-name  KEY  \                         #KEY名字
--availability-zone ChuangYiYuanZone1:ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11  \   #在制定的区域和主机名启动instance
--security-groups 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d  \      #安全组
--nic net-id=99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206,v4-fixed-ip=192.168.100.200 happyblog_blog_51cto_com    #指定网络和IP地址
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Property                             | Value                                          |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                         |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          | nova                                           |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | -                                              |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | -                                              |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        | instance-000001f9                              |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | 0                                              |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | scheduling                                     |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | building                                       |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | -                                              |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | -                                              |
| accessIPv4                           |                                                |
| accessIPv6                           |                                                |
| adminPass                            | 4T3vpfaXPTZe                                   |
| config_drive                         |                                                |
| created                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z                           |
| flavor                               | V.GF1 (10)                                     |
| hostId                               |                                                |
| id                                   | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee           |
| p_w_picpath                                | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51) |
| key_name                             | KEY                                            |
| metadata                             | {}                                             |
| name                                 | happyblog_blog_51cto_com                       |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                             |
| progress                             | 0                                              |
| security_groups                      | 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d           |
| status                               | BUILD                                          |
| tenant_id                            | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae               |
| updated                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:52Z                           |
| user_id                              | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb               |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+

校验配置情况

[root@controller ~]# nova list | grep 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee
| 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee | happyblog_blog_51cto_com | ACTIVE | -          | Running     | vmTest=192.168.100.200   | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 |
[root@controller ~]# nova show 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee       
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Property                             | Value                                                    |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                                   |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          | ChuangYiYuanZone1                                        |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11                                  |    #指定的compute节点
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11                                  |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        | instance-000001f9                                        |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | 1                                                        |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | -                                                        |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | active                                                   |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | 2016-01-23T04:45:06.000000                               |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | -                                                        |
| accessIPv4                           |                                                          |
| accessIPv6                           |                                                          |
| config_drive                         |                                                          |
| created                              | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z                                     |
| flavor                               | V.GF1 (10)                                               |
| hostId                               | b3a37b586ae2847a0b18c58ff7693b41762fa0bf6a3cc363c862761a |
| id                                   | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee                     |
| p_w_picpath                                | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51)           |
| key_name                             | KEY                                                      |
| metadata                             | {}                                                       |
| name                                 | happyblog_blog_51cto_com                                 |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                                       |
| progress                             | 0                                                        |
| security_groups                      | default                                                  |
| status                               | ACTIVE                                                   |
| tenant_id                            | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae                         |
| updated                              | 2016-01-23T04:45:07Z                                     |
| user_id                              | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb                         |
| vmTest network                       | 192.168.100.200                                          |    #指定的ip地址,good,完成
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+

4. 总结

   以上方法用于openstack的日常运维中,一般而言,不建议使用,建议使用nova内置的调度算法来完成。本人在实际的工作中,经常有指定compute机器和指定ip的需求。


5. 附录

  附录提供了nova boot用法相关的参数

[root@controller ~]# nova help boot

usage: nova boot [--flavor ] [--p_w_picpath ]

                 [--p_w_picpath-with ] [--boot-volume ]

                 [--snapshot ] [--num-instances ]

                 [--meta ] [--file ]

                 [--key-name ] [--user-data ]

                 [--availability-zone ]

                 [--security-groups ]

                 [--block-device-mapping ]

                 [--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]]

                 [--swap ]

                 [--ephemeral size=[,format=]]

                 [--hint ]

                 [--nic ]

                 [--config-drive ] [--poll]

                 


Boot a new server.


Positional arguments:

                 Name for the new server


Optional arguments:

  --flavor     Name or ID of flavor (see 'nova flavor-list').

  --p_w_picpath       Name or ID of p_w_picpath (see 'nova p_w_picpath-list').

  --p_w_picpath-with

                        Image metadata property (see 'nova p_w_picpath-show').

  --boot-volume

                        Volume ID to boot from.

  --snapshot

                        Snapshot ID to boot from (will create a volume).

  --num-instances

                        boot multiple servers at a time (limited by quota).

  --meta    Record arbitrary key/value metadata to /meta.js on the

                        new server. Can be specified multiple times.

  --file

                        Store arbitrary files from locally to

                        path> on the new server. You may store up to 5 files.

  --key-name

                        Key name of keypair that should be created earlier

                        with the command keypair-add

  --user-data

                        user data file to pass to be exposed by the metadata

                        server.

  --availability-zone

                        The availability zone for server placement.

  --security-groups

                        Comma separated list of security group names.

  --block-device-mapping

                        Block device mapping in the format

                        name>=:::.

  --block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]

                        Block device mapping with the keys: id=p_w_picpath_id,

                        snapshot_id or volume_id, source=source type (p_w_picpath,

                        snapshot, volume or blank), dest=destination type of

                        the block device (volume or local), bus=device's bus,

                        device=name of the device (e.g. vda, xda, ...),

                        size=size of the block device in GB, format=device

                        will be formatted (e.g. swap, ext3, ntfs, ...),

                        bootindex=integer used for ordering the boot disks,

                        type=device type (e.g. disk, cdrom, ...) and

                        shutdown=shutdown behaviour (either preserve or

                        remove).

  --swap    Create and attach a local swap block device of

                        MB.

  --ephemeral size=[,format=]

                        Create and attach a local ephemeral block device of

                        GB and format it to .

  --hint    Send arbitrary key/value pairs to the scheduler for

                        custom use.

  --nic

                        Create a NIC on the server. Specify option multiple

                        times to create multiple NICs. net-id: attach NIC to

                        network with this UUID (required if no port-id), v4

                        -fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for NIC (optional),

                        port-id: attach NIC to port with this UUID (required

                        if no net-id)

  --config-drive

                        Enable config drive

  --poll                Blocks while server builds so progress can be

                        reported.