1. 背景需求
在openstack中，nova负责openstack虚拟机的生命周期的管理，neutron则负责虚拟机的网络管理工作，默认情况下，创建一台虚拟机，nova会根据nova-scheduler调度算法，选择一台最合适的compute节点，同时会从neutron的地址池中分配一个ip地址给虚拟机，从而完成虚拟机的创建过程。
然而，在一些特殊的场景中，如相同业务的虚拟机，希望落在不通的compute节点上，为虚拟机分配原有的ip地址，此时通过nova内置的调度是难以实现的，或者在一些应用场景，基于企业的CMDB联动，让相同业务的虚拟机，散落在openstack nova中的不同节点，从而减小down机的几率，减少故障的发生。本文以在指定的compute节点创建instance，并为其分配一个固定的ip地址为例。
2. 获取创建instance的基本信息
获取镜像p_w_picpath id
[root@controller ~]# glance p_w_picpath-list +--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Disk Format | Container Format | Size | Status | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+ | 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 | cirrors | qcow2 | bare | 13200896 | active | #需要创建instance的p_w_picpath id | ff0f7d03-a553-4357-a819-c74e913d649f | win2k8 | qcow2 | bare | 3391881216 | active | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+
2. 获取套餐flavor id
[root@controller ~]# nova flavor-list +--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | +--------------------------------------+------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.large | 8192 | 100 | 10 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | | 10 | V.GF1 | 8192 | 10 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | #需要创建的flavor id
3. 获取安全组id
[root@controller ~]# nova secgroup-list +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+ | Id | Name | Description | +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+ | 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d | default | default | #secgroup的id号码 +--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+
4. 获取keypair
[root@controller ~]# nova keypair-list +------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Name | Fingerprint | +------+-------------------------------------------------+ | KEY | 15:63:f2:de:74:53:a1:03:eb:36:27:e6:d9:00:41:22 | #keypair的名字 +------+-------------------------------------------------+
5. 获取neutron网络id号码
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+ | 99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206 | vmTest | 79cb82a1-eac1-4311-8e6d-badcabd22e44 192.168.100.0/24 | #需要启动的网络id号 +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
6. 获取coompute的主机名和zone名称
[root@controller ~]# nova service-list +------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason | +------------------+-------------------------+-------------------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | nova-conductor | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8 | internal | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:58.000000 | - | | nova-cert | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8 | internal | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:52.000000 | - | | nova-consoleauth | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8 | internal | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | - | | nova-scheduler | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_8 | internal | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:57.000000 | - | | nova-compute | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | - | #需要启动的compute节点 | nova-compute | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_14 | ChuangYiYuanZone1 | enabled | up | 2016-01-23T04:54:56.000000 | - |
3. 在指定的compute节点启动虚拟机，并指定固定ip地址
[root@controller ~]# nova boot --flavor 10 \ #flavor名字
--p_w_picpath 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 \ #镜像id
--key-name KEY \ #KEY名字
--availability-zone ChuangYiYuanZone1:ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 \ #在制定的区域和主机名启动instance
--security-groups 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d \ #安全组
--nic net-id=99c68a93-336a-4605-aa78-343d41ca1206,v4-fixed-ip=192.168.100.200 happyblog_blog_51cto_com #指定网络和IP地址
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-000001f9 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | 4T3vpfaXPTZe |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z |
| flavor | V.GF1 (10) |
| hostId | |
| id | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee |
| p_w_picpath | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51) |
| key_name | KEY |
| metadata | {} |
| name | happyblog_blog_51cto_com |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |
| progress | 0 |
| security_groups | 663468d9-73b1-4b04-8d4c-dac1bf21a94d |
| status | BUILD |
| tenant_id | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae |
| updated | 2016-01-23T04:44:52Z |
| user_id | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
校验配置情况
[root@controller ~]# nova list | grep 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee
| 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee | happyblog_blog_51cto_com | ACTIVE | - | Running | vmTest=192.168.100.200 | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 |
[root@controller ~]# nova show 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | ChuangYiYuanZone1 |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 | #指定的compute节点
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | ChuangYiYuan_10_16_2_11 |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-000001f9 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 1 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | - |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | 2016-01-23T04:45:06.000000 |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2016-01-23T04:44:51Z |
| flavor | V.GF1 (10) |
| hostId | b3a37b586ae2847a0b18c58ff7693b41762fa0bf6a3cc363c862761a |
| id | 3f694eaf-aa87-456a-99ce-90dd9f4e45ee |
| p_w_picpath | cirrors (37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51) |
| key_name | KEY |
| metadata | {} |
| name | happyblog_blog_51cto_com |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |
| progress | 0 |
| security_groups | default |
| status | ACTIVE |
| tenant_id | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae |
| updated | 2016-01-23T04:45:07Z |
| user_id | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb |
| vmTest network | 192.168.100.200 | #指定的ip地址，good，完成
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
4. 总结
以上方法用于openstack的日常运维中，一般而言，不建议使用，建议使用nova内置的调度算法来完成。本人在实际的工作中，经常有指定compute机器和指定ip的需求。
5. 附录
附录提供了nova boot用法相关的参数
[root@controller ~]# nova help boot
usage: nova boot [--flavor
[--p_w_picpath-with
[--snapshot
[--meta
[--key-name
[--availability-zone
[--security-groups
[--block-device-mapping
[--block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...]]
[--swap
[--ephemeral size=
[--hint
[--nic
[--config-drive
Boot a new server.
Positional arguments:
Optional arguments:
--flavor
--p_w_picpath
--p_w_picpath-with
Image metadata property (see 'nova p_w_picpath-show').
--boot-volume
Volume ID to boot from.
--snapshot
Snapshot ID to boot from (will create a volume).
--num-instances
boot multiple servers at a time (limited by quota).
--meta
new server. Can be specified multiple times.
--file
Store arbitrary files from path> on the new server. You may store up to 5 files. --key-name Key name of keypair that should be created earlier with the command keypair-add --user-data user data file to pass to be exposed by the metadata server. --availability-zone The availability zone for server placement. --security-groups Comma separated list of security group names. --block-device-mapping Block device mapping in the format name>= --block-device key1=value1[,key2=value2...] Block device mapping with the keys: id=p_w_picpath_id, snapshot_id or volume_id, source=source type (p_w_picpath, snapshot, volume or blank), dest=destination type of the block device (volume or local), bus=device's bus, device=name of the device (e.g. vda, xda, ...), size=size of the block device in GB, format=device will be formatted (e.g. swap, ext3, ntfs, ...), bootindex=integer used for ordering the boot disks, type=device type (e.g. disk, cdrom, ...) and shutdown=shutdown behaviour (either preserve or remove). --swap --ephemeral size= Create and attach a local ephemeral block device of --hint custom use. --nic Create a NIC on the server. Specify option multiple times to create multiple NICs. net-id: attach NIC to network with this UUID (required if no port-id), v4 -fixed-ip: IPv4 fixed address for NIC (optional), port-id: attach NIC to port with this UUID (required if no net-id) --config-drive Enable config drive --poll Blocks while server builds so progress can be reported.