Django 个人博客 - 日志器使用 - step3

1 知识点

主要是使用日志记录各类运行信息，方便排错

2 日志设置并测试

在配置文件中定义handlers和loggers的类型【settings.py】

# 自定义日志输出信息
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': True,
    'formatters': {  # 日志格式
        'standard': {
            # 2016-12-24 14:51:19,888 [Thread-2:7120] [blog.views:28] [views:index] [ERROR]- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'ss.txt'
            'format': '%(asctime)s [%(threadName)s:%(thread)d] [%(name)s:%(lineno)d] [%(module)s:%(funcName)s] [%(levelname)s]- %(message)s'}

    },
    'filters': {  # Filter 用于对从logger 传递给handler 的日志记录进行额外的控制。
    },
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {  # 它将用邮件发送ERROR（和更高级）的消息到站点管理员
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler',
            'include_html': True,
        },
        'default': {
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': 'log/all.log',  # 日志输出文件位置
            'maxBytes': 1024 * 1024 * 5,  # 文件大小
            'backupCount': 5,  # 备份份数
            'formatter': 'standard',  # 使用哪种formatters日志格式
        },
        'error': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': 'log/error.log',  # 日志输出文件位置
            'maxBytes': 1024 * 1024 * 5,  # 文件大小
            'backupCount': 5,  # 备份份数
            'formatter': 'standard',  # 这个handler 使用simple 输出格式。
        },
        'console': {  # 一个StreamHandler，它将打印DEBUG（和更高级）的消息到stderr。
            'level': 'DEBUG',  # DEBUG：用于调试目的的底层系统信息
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
            'formatter': 'standard'  # 这个handler 使用simple 输出格式。
        },
        'request_handler': {
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': 'log/script.log',
            'maxBytes': 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            'backupCount': 5,
            'formatter': 'standard',
        },
        'scprits_handler': {
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
            'filename': 'log/script.log',
            'maxBytes': 1024 * 1024 * 5,
            'backupCount': 5,
            'formatter': 'standard',
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django': {  # django将DEBUG级以上的内容交给default和console
            'handlers': ['default', 'console'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': False
        },
        'django.request': {  # django.request将DEBUG级别以上的内容交给request_handler
            'handlers': ['request_handler'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': False,
        },
        'scripts': {  # scripts将INFO级别以上的内容交给scprits_handler
            'handlers': ['scprits_handler'],
            'level': 'INFO',
            'propagate': False
        },
        'blog.views': {  # blog.views将DEBUG级别以上的内容交给default和error
            'handlers': ['default', 'error'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': True
        },
    }
}

在视图函数中使用并测试【views.py】

import logging
logging = logging.getLogger('blog.views')

正常启动

(env_py27_django_blog) D:\MaiZi_Edu\Dropbox\Maizi\Django_blog\django_blog>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
2017-01-02 11:40:30,528 [Dummy-1:10040] [django.db.backends:89] [utils:execute] [DEBUG]- (0.005) QUERY = "\n            SELECT name, type FROM sqlite_master\n            WHERE type in ('table', 'view') AND NOT name='sqlite_sequence'\n            ORDER BY name" - PARAMS = (); args=None
2017-01-02 11:40:30,558 [Dummy-1:10040] [django.db.backends:89] [utils:execute] [DEBUG]- (0.000) QUERY = u'SELECT "django_migrations"."app", "django_migrations"."name" FROM "django_migrations"' - PARAMS = (); args=()

You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
January 02, 2017 - 11:40:30
Django version 1.8.2, using settings 'django_blog.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

3 测试异常捕获，并查看日志记录

import logging
from django.shortcuts import render

logging = logging.getLogger('blog.views')


# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    try:
        file = open('ss.txt', 'r')
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(e)
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

日志记录如下:

2016-12-24 14:47:51,405 [Thread-12:11256] [blog.views:28] [views:index] [ERROR]- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'ss.txt'
2016-12-24 14:48:47,892 [Thread-2:5416] [blog.views:28] [views:index] [ERROR]- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'ss.txt'
2016-12-24 14:51:19,888 [Thread-2:7120] [blog.views:28] [views:index] [ERROR]- [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'ss.txt'

4 遇到的问题

4.1 文件夹权限不足，无法创建文件

(env_py27_django_blog) D:\MaiZi_Edu\Dropbox\Maizi\Django_blog\django_blog>python manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in 
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\virtualenv\env_py27_django_blog\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\virtualenv\env_py27_django_blog\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 312, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "D:\virtualenv\env_py27_django_blog\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 17, in setup
    configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
  File "D:\virtualenv\env_py27_django_blog\lib\site-packages\django\utils\log.py", line 86, in configure_logging
    logging_config_func(logging_settings)
  File "C:\Python27\Lib\logging\config.py", line 794, in dictConfig
    dictConfigClass(config).configure()
  File "C:\Python27\Lib\logging\config.py", line 576, in configure
    '%r: %s' % (name, e))
ValueError: Unable to configure handler 'default': [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'D:\\MaiZi_Edu\\Dropbox\\Maizi\\Django_blog\\django_blog\\log\\all.log'

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日志器使用_代码

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