IntentService,可以看做是Service和HandlerThread的结合体,在完成了使命之后会自动停止,适合需要在工作线程处理UI无关任务的场景。
- IntentService 是继承自 Service 并处理异步请求的一个类,在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作。
- 当任务执行完后,IntentService 会自动停止,不需要我们去手动结束。
- 如果启动 IntentService 多次,那么每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在 IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行,依次去执行,使用串行的方式,执行完自动结束。
例子
下面是一个例子,点击开始启动一个IntentService去更新进度条,更新完毕IntentService会自动结束。如果多次点击开始,就会执行多遍,多遍执行完之后IntentService才会执行onDestroy方法。
IntentService:
package com.bourne.android_common.ServiceDemo;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import com.bourne.common_library.utils.Logout;
public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
/**
* 是否正在运行
*/
private boolean isRunning;
/**
*进度
*/
private int count;
/**
* 广播
*/
private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;
public MyIntentService() {
super("MyIntentService");
Logout.e("MyIntentService");
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Logout.e("onCreate");
mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Logout.e("onHandleIntent");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
isRunning = true;
count = 0;
while (isRunning) {
count++;
if (count >= 100) {
isRunning = false;
}
Thread.sleep(50);
sendThreadStatus("线程运行中...", count);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 发送进度消息
*/
private void sendThreadStatus(String status, int progress) {
Intent intent = new Intent(IntentServiceActivity.ACTION_TYPE_THREAD);
intent.putExtra("status", status);
intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
mLocalBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Logout.e("线程结束运行..." + count);
}
}
启动之后会先执行构造方法,然后执行onCreate方法,再到onHandleIntent方法。在onHandleIntent让进度自增,每次自增睡眠50ms并向Activity发送广播并传递进度的数据。
IntentServiceActivity:
package com.bourne.android_common.ServiceDemo;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.bourne.android_common.R;
import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.OnClick;
public class IntentServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
/**
* 状态文字
*/
@BindView(R.id.tv_status)
TextView tv_status;
/**
* 进度文字
*/
@BindView(R.id.tv_progress)
TextView tv_progress;
/**
* 进度条
*/
@BindView(R.id.progressbar)
ProgressBar progressbar;
private LocalBroadcastManager mLocalBroadcastManager;
private MyBroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver;
public final static String ACTION_TYPE_THREAD = "action.type.thread";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_service);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
//注册广播
mLocalBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
mBroadcastReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_TYPE_THREAD);
mLocalBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter);
initView();
}
public void initView() {
tv_status.setText("线程状态:未运行");
progressbar.setMax(100);
progressbar.setProgress(0);
tv_progress.setText("0%");
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//注销广播
mLocalBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver);
}
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
switch (intent.getAction()) {
case ACTION_TYPE_THREAD:
//更改UI
int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
tv_status.setText("线程状态:" + intent.getStringExtra("status"));
progressbar.setProgress(progress);
tv_progress.setText(progress + "%");
if (progress >= 100) {
tv_status.setText("线程结束");
}
break;
}
}
}
@OnClick({R.id.btn_start})
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_start:
Intent intent = new Intent(IntentServiceActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
startService(intent);
break;
}
}
}
点击开始按钮,会启动MyIntentService。mLocalBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter)注册广播,接收广播消息和数据,并时刻更改进度条进度。
注册MyIntentService
** IntentService源码分析**
package android.app;
import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
private String mName;
private boolean mRedelivery;
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*/
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
/**
* Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
*/
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
mRedelivery = enabled;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
@Override
public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
/**
* Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
*/
@Override
@Nullable
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
/**
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}
IntentService继承自Service,内部有一个HandlerThread对象。
在onCreate的时候会创建一个HandlerThread对象,并启动线程。紧接着创建ServiceHandler对象,ServiceHandler继承自Handler,用来处理消息。ServiceHandler将获取HandlerThread的Looper就可以开始正常工作了。
每启动一次onStart方法,就会把数消息和数据发给mServiceHandler,相当于发送了一次Message消息给HandlerThread的消息队列。mServiceHandler会把数据传个onHandleIntent方法,onHandleIntent是个抽象方法,需要在IntentService实现,所以每次onStart方法之后都会调用我们自己写的onHandleIntent方法去处理。处理完毕使用stopSelf通知HandlerThread已经处理完毕,HandlerThread继续观察消息队列,如果还有未执行玩的message则继续执行,否则结束。
启动 IntentService 为什么不需要新建线程?
IntentService内部的HandlerThread 继承自 Thread,内部封装了 Looper,在这里新建线程并启动,所以启动 IntentService 不需要新建线程。
为什么不建议通过 bindService() 启动 IntentService?
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null;不适合 bindService() 启动服务,如果你执意要 bindService() 来启动 IntentService,可能因为你想通过 Binder 或 Messenger 使得 IntentService 和 Activity 可以通信,这样那么 onHandleIntent() 不会被回调,相当于在你使用 Service 而不是 IntentService。
为什么多次启动 IntentService 会顺序执行事件,停止服务后,后续的事件得不到执行?
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
IntentService 中使用的 Handler、Looper、MessageQueue 机制把消息发送到线程中去执行的,所以多次启动 IntentService 不会重新创建新的服务和新的线程,只是把消息加入消息队列中等待执行,而如果服务停止,会清除消息队列中的消息,后续的事件得不到执行。