【英语语法百宝箱】代词2——相互代词、指示代词

在上一次【英语语法百宝箱】代词1的分享中，我们学到了人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的形式和用法。

接下来，我们再来谈谈另外两种代词——相互代词和指示代词。

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五、相互代词

(一) 定义

表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词。

(二) 相互代词有哪些？

原形：each other，one another (在句中做宾语)

We trust each other. (宾语)

The children are chasing one another among the bushes.

孩子们在树丛中互相追逐。(宾语)

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所有格形式：each other's，one another's (在句中作定语)

Both of us benefit a lot from each other's development and progress.

我们双方各自都从对方的发展与进步中受益匪浅。(定语)

The bride and groom drink “ cross-cupped wine ” from one another's glasses.

新郎新娘喝交杯酒。(定语)

They know one another's shortcomings.

他们知道彼此的缺点。(定语)

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六、指示代词

(一) 定义

表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等概念的代词叫指示代词。

(二) 指示代词有哪些?

指示代词有this，that，there，those，such，same等。

(三) 句法功能

指示代词可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。

图片发自App

1. 主语：That is a good idea.

2. 表语：What I want is this.

3. 宾语：He didn't like that.

4. 定语：These pictures are very beautiful.

(四) 指示代词的用法

【A. this，that，these，those的用法】

1.  this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物，that (those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。

This is my book and that is yours.

They are busy preparing for the maths test these days.

这些日子他们忙着为数学测验做准备。

In those days they could not go to school.

在那个年代他们不能上学。

2. this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到的事物，有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Sunday afternoon.

He broke his leg yesterday. That is why he didn't come.

3. 为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已经提过的名词。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanning.

The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

【B. such和same的用法】

1. such指这样的人或事，可作主语和定语。

Such was the story.  故事就是这样的。(主语)

Such were his words.  他的话就是这样的。(主语)

We have never seen such a nice apartment.

我们从未见过这么好的公寓。(定语)

图片发自App

2. same指同样的人或事，可作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用冠词the。

The same can be said of the other article.

另一篇文章是同样的情况。(主语)

Whether he can do it or not, it is all the same to me.

他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。(表语)

He sang, I did the same. (宾语)

They got the same result. (定语)