ansible生产常用十大模块总结
注:-a参数后的命令用单引号,单引号,单引号;双引号有可能会出问题,特别是在user模块;
模块一:测试目标主机是否在线:ping模块
主机如果在线,则回复pong
测试主机是否在线 [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m ping 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.10.7 | SUCCESS => { "changed": false, "ping": "pong" }
模块二:command模块和shell
作用:用于在各被管理节点运行指定的命令
shell和command的区别:shell模块可以特殊字符,而command是不支持
显示各节点的日期 [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m command -a 'date' 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> Tue Feb 7 09:20:35 CST 2017 192.168.10.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> Tue Feb 7 09:20:35 CST 2017 删除各节点的/tmp/test目录 [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m command -a 'mkdir /tmp/test' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m shell -a 'rm -rf /tmp/test' 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
模块三:user模块:管理用户的模块
模块参数详解:
name:指定用户名
password:设定用户密码,password参数需要接受md5加密后的值
state:用户状态,默认为present
present:表示添加用户
absent:表示删除用户
update_password:修改用户密码
always:新密码和旧密码不同时进行修改
on_create:为新创建的用户指定密码
createhome:创建家目录
yes:默认项,即创建用户默认是有家目录的
no:创建用户时不创建家目录
remove:
yes:删除用户家目录,需要指定此参数
no:默认项,删除用户时默认不删除用户的家目录
system:
yes:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户
如果不指定默认生成的选项有:
home:创建家目录
shell:创建默认的shell为/bin/bash
system:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户,指定是用yes
查看帮助 [root@localhost ~]# ansible-doc -s user user模块中的password是需要经过md5加密的 [root@localhost ~]# echo 123456 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin $1$Q0WiDLXN$agpzPdHVa6.LbdMLsUXqI/ 增加一个用户 [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei1 system=yes password=$1$Q0WiDLXN$agpzPdHVa6.LbdMLsUXqI/ state=present' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "comment": "", "createhome": true, "group": 496, "home": "/home/liuwei1", "name": "liuwei1", "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", "shell": "/bin/bash", "state": "present", "system": true, "uid": 496 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "comment": "", "createhome": true, "group": 496, "home": "/home/liuwei1", "name": "liuwei1", "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", "shell": "/bin/bash", "state": "present", "system": true, "uid": 496 } 删除一个用户 [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei remove=yes state=absent' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "force": false, "name": "liuwei", "remove": true, "state": "absent" } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "force": false, "name": "liuwei", "remove": true, "state": "absent" } 更新用户的密码 [root@localhost ~]# echo 654321 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin $1$pfBO1D1D$UfxpHN4OlUbT8dWLe8te7. [root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei1 update_password=always password=$1$pfBO1D1D$UfxpHN4OlUbT8dWLe8te7.' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "append": false, "changed": true, "comment": "", "group": 496, "home": "/home/liuwei1", "move_home": false, "name": "liuwei1", "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", "shell": "/bin/bash", "state": "present", "uid": 496 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "append": false, "changed": true, "comment": "", "group": 496, "home": "/home/liuwei1", "move_home": false, "name": "liuwei1", "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", "shell": "/bin/bash", "state": "present", "uid": 496 }
模块四:任务计划模块:cron
获取帮助:ansibe-doc -s cron
模块参数详解:
state:
present:创建任务
absent:删除任务
backup:对远程主机上的原任务计划内容修改之前做备份
job:要执行的任务
name:该任务的描述(必须项)
user:以哪个用户的身份运行
minute:分钟(0-59,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
hour:小时(0-23,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
day:日(1-31,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
month:月(1-12,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*
weekday:周(0-7,*,……),不写默认为*
每隔10分钟同步一下时间 [root@localhost ~]#ansible web -m cron -a 'name="sync time from ntpserver" minute=*/10 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 3.cn.pool.ntp.org"'
模块五:远程复制备份模块:copy
获取帮助:ansible-doc -s copy
模块参数详解:
src:指定源文件路径,可以是相对路径,也可以是绝对路径,可以是目录(并非是必须的,可以使用content,直接生成文件内容)
dest=:指定目标文件路径,只能是绝对路径,如果src是目录,此项必须是目录
owner:指定属主
group:指定属组
mode:指定权限,可以以数字指定比如0644
content:代替src,直接往dest文件中写内容,可以引用变量,也可以直接使用inventory中的主机变量
backup:在覆盖之前将原文件备份,备份文件包含时间信息。有两个选项:yes|no
force:
yes:默认项,如果目标主机包含该文件,但内容不同,则强制覆盖
no:则只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时,才复制
directory_mode:递归的设定目录的权限,默认为系统默认权限
复制本地文件到远程主机并对原文件进行备份 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'src=/tmp/abc.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~", "changed": true, "checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc", "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 18, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436129.98-98537282809491/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~", "changed": true, "checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc", "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 18, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436130.19-187127825454744/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 向远程主机的文件中写内容,会把原内容覆盖掉 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'content="\nMy age is 26" dest=/tmp/abc.txt' 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4", "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 13, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436336.05-254449966786008/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4", "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 13, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436348.0-188270058505341/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 }
模块六:对远程文件管理的模块:file
获取帮助:ansible-doc -s file
模块参数详解:
owner:修改属主
group:修改属组
mode:修改权限
path=:要修改文件的路径
recurse:递归的设置文件的属性,只对目录有效
yes:表示使用递归设置
remote_src:如果yes它会从目标机上搜索src文件,默认为no
state:
touch:创建一个新的空文件
directory:创建一个新的目录,当目录存在时不会进行修改
link:创建软连接,结果src一起使用此选项才生效
hard:创建硬连接
absent:删除文件,目录,软连接
src:当state=link时,要被连接文件的源路径
新建一个文件 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=touch' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 新建一个目录 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei state=directory' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/liuwei", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/liuwei", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 删除文件或者目录 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=absent' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", "state": "absent" } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", "state": "absent" } 递归设置文件的属主或者属组 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei owner=root group=root recurse=yes' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/liuwei", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/liuwei", "size": 4096, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 为文件设置软连接 [root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'src=/tmp/liuwei state=link path=/tmp/liuzhengwei' 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "size": 11, "src": "/tmp/liuwei", "state": "link", "uid": 0 } 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "size": 11, "src": "/tmp/liuwei", "state": "link", "uid": 0 }
模块七:在远程主机执行本地脚本:script
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m script -a '/tmp/a.sh' 192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "rc": 0, "stderr": "", "stdout": "Tue Feb 7 11:26:41 CST 2017\r\n", "stdout_lines": [ "Tue Feb 7 11:26:41 CST 2017" ] } 192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => { "changed": true, "rc": 0, "stderr": "", "stdout": "Tue Feb 7 11:26:52 CST 2017\r\n", "stdout_lines": [ "Tue Feb 7 11:26:52 CST 2017" ] }
模块八:收集远程主机的信息:setup
收集可用的facts,收集每个节点的相关信息:架构信息,IP,时间,域名,网卡,MAC,主机名,CPU等信息。
这些收集的信息,可以作为变量。
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m setup
模块九:安装模块:yum
模块参数详解:
name:表示要安装软件包的名字,默认最新的程序包,指明要安装的程序包,可以带上版本号
state:表示是安装还卸载
present:默认的,表示为安装
lastest:安装为最新的版本
absent:表示删除
模块十:服务模块:service
模块参数详解:
enabled:表示设置服务开机是否启动,取值为true或者false;enabled=yes
name=:表示要控制哪一个服务
state:
started:表示现在就启动此服务
stopped:表示现在关闭此服务
restarted:表示重启此服务
sleep:如果执行了restarted,在stop和start之间沉睡几秒
runlevel:定义在哪些级别可以自启动
arguments:表示向命令行传递的参数
[root@localhost tmp]#ansible erp -m service -a 'enabled=on name=httpd state=started'
模块十一:文件编辑模块:lineinfile
模块参数详解:
path:指定要修改的配置文件
regexp:匹配要修改的内容
line:要增加或者修改的内容
state:
absent:表示删除,当匹配到时进行删除
present:表示增加,当匹配到时进行修改,当没有匹配到时在最后增加一行,默认为此项
backrefs:
no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;
yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则不变line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;
backup:
no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;不备份原文件
yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;备份原文件
insertafter(匹配的是此行):
在匹配到的行之后添加一行
insertbefore(匹配的是此行):
在匹配到的行之前添加一行
修改nginx.conf测试: [root@nfs-server playbook]# cat modify_nginx.yml --- - hosts: 192.168.2.111 tasks: - name: "修改配置文件" lineinfile: dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf" regexp: 'listen 80;' line: ' listen 8000;' #backup: yes backrefs: yes notify: - reload nginx handlers: - name: reload nginx service: name=nginx state=reloaded
注:经测试,当不添加backerfs: yes参数时,匹配到后也会进行替换,但当匹配到的内容不存在时,会在最后增加一行;所以当不增加backerfs参数时,要确定匹配到的内容存在;
替换存在的行:
#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/sudoers regexp="SYSTEM,SOFTWARE" line="STAPLES_ADMIN ALL=(ROOT) NOPASSWD:NETWORKING,LOCATE,STORAGE,DELEGATING,DRIVERS,SYSTEM,SOFTWARE,SERVICES,PROCESSES,FILE" backrefs=no'
匹配到的行后增加一行:
#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/etc/sudoers insertafter="Cmnd_Alias SYSTEM = /usr/sbin/reboot, /usr/sbin/halt, /usr/bin/ansible, /usr/bin/ssh" line="Cmnd_Alias FILE = /bin/mkdir,/bin/touch,/usr/bin/vim"'
删除匹配到的行:
#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/sudoers state=absent regexp="PROCESSES,FILE"'
在末尾追加一行:insertafter指定为空就可以匹配到最后一行
#ansible 10.78.1.176 -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/test.txt line="jiadong" insertafter=""'
在末尾追加多行:换行符用\n表示
#ansible 10.78.1.176 -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/test.txt line="hao hao\nyao jia" insertafter=""'
模块十二:远程解压模块:unarchive -> 用于将压缩包复制到远程主机并解压
模块参数:
src:要复制的文件
dest:复制到远程主机的目录
copy:是否把文件复制到远程主机
owner:解压后文件的属主
yaml用法示例:
- name: "复制tomcat文件到远程服务器并解压" unarchive: src=apache-tomcat-7.0.64.zip dest=/data/ copy=yes owner=tomcat