访问类型type的常见类型
type类型从左至右，性能由最差到最好
| ALL | index | range | ref | eq_ref | const,system | NULL |
|---|
查看表结构
#film表结构
mysql> show create table film\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: film
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `film` (
`film_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`title` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`description` text,
`release_year` year(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`language_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
`original_language_id` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`rental_duration` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '3',
`rental_rate` decimal(4,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '4.99',
`length` smallint(5) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`replacement_cost` decimal(5,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '19.99',
`rating` enum('G','PG','PG-13','R','NC-17') DEFAULT 'G',
`special_features` set('Trailers','Commentaries','Deleted Scenes','Behind the Scenes') DEFAULT NULL,
`last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`film_id`),
KEY `idx_title` (`title`),
KEY `idx_fk_language_id` (`language_id`),
KEY `idx_fk_original_language_id` (`original_language_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_film_language` FOREIGN KEY (`language_id`) REFERENCES `language` (`language_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_film_language_original` FOREIGN KEY (`original_language_id`) REFERENCES `language` (`language_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1001 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
payment表结构
mysql> show create table payment\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: payment
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `payment` (
`payment_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`customer_id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
`staff_id` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
`rental_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`amount` decimal(5,2) NOT NULL,
`payment_date` datetime NOT NULL,
`last_update` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`payment_id`),
KEY `idx_fk_staff_id` (`staff_id`),
KEY `idx_fk_customer_id` (`customer_id`),
KEY `fk_payment_rental` (`rental_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_payment_customer` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `customer` (`customer_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_payment_rental` FOREIGN KEY (`rental_id`) REFERENCES `rental` (`rental_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_payment_staff` FOREIGN KEY (`staff_id`) REFERENCES `staff` (`staff_id`) ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=16050 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
type=ALL
mysql> explain select * from film where rating < 9\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: film
partitions: NULL
type: ALL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1000
filtered: 33.33
Extra: Using where
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
type=index
mysql> explain select title from film \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: film
partitions: NULL
type: index
possible_keys: NULL
key: idx_title
key_len: 767
ref: NULL
rows: 1000
filtered: 100.00
Extra: Using index
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
type=range
mysql> explain select * from payment where customer_id >=300 and customer_id <=350\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: payment
partitions: NULL
type: range
possible_keys: idx_fk_customer_id
key: idx_fk_customer_id
key_len: 2
ref: NULL
rows: 1350
filtered: 100.00
Extra: Using index condition
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
type=ref
mysql> explain select * from payment where customer_id =350\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: payment
partitions: NULL
type: ref
possible_keys: idx_fk_customer_id
key: idx_fk_customer_id
key_len: 2
ref: const
rows: 23
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
type=eq_ref
mysql> explain select * from film a, film_text b where a.film_id=b.film_id\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: b
partitions: NULL
type: ALL
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: 1000
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: a
partitions: NULL
type: eq_ref
possible_keys: PRIMARY
key: PRIMARY
key_len: 2
ref: sakila.b.film_id
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: Using where
2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
type=const/system
alter table customer drop index idx_email;
alter table customer add unique index uk_email(email);
mysql> explain select * from (select * from customer where email='[email protected]')a\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: customer
partitions: NULL
type: const
possible_keys: uk_email
key: uk_email
key_len: 153
ref: const
rows: 1
filtered: 100.00
Extra: NULL
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
type=NULL
mysql> explain select 1 from dual where 1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
select_type: SIMPLE
table: NULL
partitions: NULL
type: NULL
possible_keys: NULL
key: NULL
key_len: NULL
ref: NULL
rows: NULL
filtered: NULL
Extra: No tables used
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)