之所以写这篇文章，是要感谢昨天面试的时候面试官问到的权限相关的问题。自6.0之后权限系统被重新设计，发生了意想不到的变化，由之前只需在 Manifest 中注册，转化为一些涉及到用户隐私性的权限需动态授权。
借这次面试被打击的机会，学习一下权限动态管理的知识。特别感谢 ** duboo ** 的博客。http://www.cnblogs.com/dubo-/p/6018262.html。 推荐 duboo GitHub 示例。
- 1、将 targetSdkVersion 设置为 23之上，如果低于 23 则不支持动态权限申请，否则必须按照Android谷歌的要求动态地申请权限。
- 2、在 AndroidManifest.xml 中申请你需要的权限，包括普通权限和需要申请的特殊权限。
危险权限
-
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS（联系人）
- permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
- permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
- permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
-
group:android.permission-group.PHONE（电话）
- permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
- permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
- permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
- permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
- permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
- permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
- permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
-
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR（日历）
- permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
- permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
-
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA（相机）
- permission:android.permission.CAMERA
-
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS（传感器）
- permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
-
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION（位置）
- permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
- permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
-
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE（存储卡）
- permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
- permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
-
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE（麦克风）
- permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
-
group:android.permission-group.SMS（短信）
- permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
- permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
- permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
- permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
- permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
- permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
-
3、权限动态处理
- 第一步：在 AndroidManifest 中，添加权限。举个栗子：录音和修改音量
* 第二步：检测权限类
/**
* 权限检查工具类
* Created by zsf on 17-4-15.
*/
public class PermissionsChecker {
private Context mCtx;
public PermissionsChecker(Context context){
mCtx = context.getApplicationContext();
}
//判断权限集合
public boolean lacksPermissions(String... permissions){
for(String permission : permissions){
if(lacksPermission(permission)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//判断是否缺少权限
public boolean lacksPermission(String permission){
return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mCtx,permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
}
}
* 第三步：假设首页需要使用权限，在onResume时，检测权限，如果缺少，则进入权限获取页面；接收返回值，拒绝权限时，直接关闭。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 0; // 请求码
// 所需的全部权限
static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO,
Manifest.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
};
@Bind(R.id.main_t_toolbar) Toolbar mTToolbar;
private PermissionsChecker mPermissionsChecker; // 权限检测器
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
setSupportActionBar(mTToolbar);
mPermissionsChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this);
}
@Override protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
// 缺少权限时, 进入权限配置页面
if (mPermissionsChecker.lacksPermissions(PERMISSIONS)) {
startPermissionsActivity();
}
}
private void startPermissionsActivity() {
PermissionsActivity.startActivityForResult(this, REQUEST_CODE, PERMISSIONS);
}
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
// 拒绝时, 关闭页面, 缺少主要权限, 无法运行
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == PermissionsActivity.PERMISSIONS_DENIED) {
finish();
}
}
}
* 第四步：授权页，首先使用系统默认的授权页没，当用户拒绝时，指导用户手动设置，当用户再次操作失败后，返回继续提示，用户手动退出授权页时，给使用页发送授权失败的通知。
/**
* 权限获取页面
* Created by zsf on 17-4-15.
*/
public class PermissionsActivity extends BaseActivity {
public static final int PERMISSION_GRANTED = 0;//授权
public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED = 1;//拒绝
private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 0;//系统权限管理页面的参数
private static final String EXTRA_PERMISSIONS = "com.sanji.sjmallapp.permission.extra_permission";//权限参数
private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:";
private PermissionsChecker mChecker;//权限检测器
private boolean isRequireCheck;//是否需要系统权限检测
//启动但前权限页面的公开接口
public static void startActivityForResult(Activity activity,int requestCode,String... permissions){
Intent intent = new Intent(activity,PermissionsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS,permissions);
ActivityCompat.startActivityForResult(activity,intent,requestCode,null);
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if(getIntent() == null || !getIntent().hasExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS)){
throw new RuntimeException("PermissionsActivity需要使用静态startActivityForResult方法启动");
}
setContentView(R.layout.activity_permissions);
mChecker = new PermissionsChecker(this);
isRequireCheck = true;
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (isRequireCheck){
String[] permissions = getPermissions();
if (mChecker.lacksPermissions(permissions)){
requestPermissions(permissions);// 请求权限
}else{
allPermissionsGranted();
}
}else{
isRequireCheck = true;
}
}
// 返回传递的权限参数
private String[] getPermissions(){
return getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(EXTRA_PERMISSIONS);
}
//请求权限兼容低版本
private void requestPermissions(String... permissions){
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,permissions,PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
}
//全部权限均已获取
private void allPermissionsGranted(){
setResult(PERMISSION_GRANTED);
finish();
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if(requestCode == PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE && hasAllPermissionsGranted(grantResults)){
isRequireCheck = true;
allPermissionsGranted();
}else{
isRequireCheck = false;
showMissingPermissionDialog();
}
}
//含有全部的权限
private boolean hasAllPermissionsGranted(@NonNull int[] grantResults){
for (int grantResult : grantResults){
if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
//显示缺失权限提示
private void showMissingPermissionDialog(){
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionsActivity.this);
builder.setTitle(R.string.help);
builder.setMessage(R.string.string_help_text);
builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.quit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
setResult(PERMISSION_DENIED);
finishActivity();
}
});
builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.settings, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
startAppSettings();
}
});
builder.show();
}
// 启动应用的设置
private void startAppSettings(){
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + getPackageName()));
startActivity(intent);
}
}
下面看一下效果
权限引导图