第四周作业
1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限。
[root@SeaFile ~]# cp -Rf /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1/
[root@SeaFile ~]# ls /home
linux mandriva openstack seafile slackware tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll /home/tuser1/
总用量 0
[root@SeaFile ~]# useradd -d /home/tuser1 tuser1
useradd:警告:此主目录已经存在。
不从 skel 目录里向其中复制任何文件。
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 74 8月 28 16:37 .
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 92 8月 28 16:37 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 8月 28 16:37 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 193 8月 28 16:37 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 231 8月 28 16:37 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 37 8月 28 16:37 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep ^tuser1
tuser1:x:3004:3004::/home/tuser1:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]# chown -R tuser1:tuser1 /home/tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 .
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 92 8月 28 16:37 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 tuser1 tuser1 18 8月 28 16:37 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 tuser1 tuser1 193 8月 28 16:37 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 tuser1 tuser1 231 8月 28 16:37 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 tuser1 tuser1 37 8月 28 16:37 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]# chmod 600 -R /home/tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/tuser1
总用量 12
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 .
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 92 8月 28 16:37 ..
-rw-------. 1 tuser1 tuser1 18 8月 28 16:37 .bash_logout
-rw-------. 1 tuser1 tuser1 193 8月 28 16:37 .bash_profile
-rw-------. 1 tuser1 tuser1 231 8月 28 16:37 .bashrc
drw-------. 4 tuser1 tuser1 37 8月 28 16:37 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]#
2、编辑/etc/group文件,添加组hadoop。
[root@SeaFile ~]# tail -5 /etc/group
peguin:x:2017:slackware
admins:x:2018:slackware
clouds:x:2019:
nova:x:2020:openstack
tuser1:x:3004:
[root@SeaFile ~]# vim /etc/group
[root@SeaFile ~]#
[root@SeaFile ~]# tail -5 /etc/group
admins:x:2018:slackware
clouds:x:2019:
nova:x:2020:openstack
tuser1:x:3004:
hadoop:x:3005:
[root@SeaFile ~]#
3、手动编辑/etc/passwd文件新增一行,添加用户hadoop,其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号;其家目录为/home/hadoop。
[root@SeaFile ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
tuser1:x:3004:3004::/home/tuser1:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]# vim /etc/passwd
[root@SeaFile ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
tuser1:x:3004:3004::/home/tuser1:/bin/bash
hadoop:x:3005:3005::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]#
4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop,要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限。
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 92 8月 28 16:51 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8月 21 14:01 ..
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 74 8月 21 02:43 linux
drwx------. 3 1005 distro 74 8月 21 02:41 mandriva
drwx------. 3 openstack clouds 74 8月 21 03:09 openstack
drwx------. 15 seafile seafile 4096 8月 22 09:25 seafile
drwx------. 3 slackware distro 74 8月 21 02:52 slackware
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# cp -Rf /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop/
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8月 21 14:01 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 74 8月 28 16:51 hadoop
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 74 8月 21 02:43 linux
drwx------. 3 1005 distro 74 8月 21 02:41 mandriva
drwx------. 3 openstack clouds 74 8月 21 03:09 openstack
drwx------. 15 seafile seafile 4096 8月 22 09:25 seafile
drwx------. 3 slackware distro 74 8月 21 02:52 slackware
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 74 8月 28 16:51 .
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 8月 28 16:51 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 193 8月 28 16:51 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 231 8月 28 16:51 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 37 8月 28 16:51 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]# chown hadoop:hadoop -R /home/hadoop/
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 .
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 8月 28 16:51 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 193 8月 28 16:51 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 231 8月 28 16:51 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 37 8月 28 16:51 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8月 21 14:01 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 hadoop
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 74 8月 21 02:43 linux
drwx------. 3 1005 distro 74 8月 21 02:41 mandriva
drwx------. 3 openstack clouds 74 8月 21 03:09 openstack
drwx------. 15 seafile seafile 4096 8月 22 09:25 seafile
drwx------. 3 slackware distro 74 8月 21 02:52 slackware
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# chmod 600 -R /home/hadoop/
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8月 21 14:01 ..
drw-------. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 hadoop
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 74 8月 21 02:43 linux
drwx------. 3 1005 distro 74 8月 21 02:41 mandriva
drwx------. 3 openstack clouds 74 8月 21 03:09 openstack
drwx------. 15 seafile seafile 4096 8月 22 09:25 seafile
drwx------. 3 slackware distro 74 8月 21 02:52 slackware
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 tuser1
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop/
总用量 16
drw-------. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 .
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 ..
-rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 8月 28 16:51 .bash_logout
-rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 193 8月 28 16:51 .bash_profile
-rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 231 8月 28 16:51 .bashrc
drw-------. 4 hadoop hadoop 37 8月 28 16:51 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]#
5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop,属组为hadoop。
[root@SeaFile ~]# chown hadoop:hadoop -R /home/hadoop/
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/hadoop
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 .
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 8月 28 16:51 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 193 8月 28 16:51 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 231 8月 28 16:51 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 37 8月 28 16:51 .mozilla
[root@SeaFile ~]# ll -a /home/
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 8月 28 16:51 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8月 21 14:01 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 74 8月 28 16:51 hadoop
drwx------. 3 mageia mageia 74 8月 21 02:43 linux
drwx------. 3 1005 distro 74 8月 21 02:41 mandriva
drwx------. 3 openstack clouds 74 8月 21 03:09 openstack
drwx------. 15 seafile seafile 4096 8月 22 09:25 seafile
drwx------. 3 slackware distro 74 8月 21 02:52 slackware
drw-------. 3 tuser1 tuser1 74 8月 28 16:37 tuser1
6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行;用两种方式;
[root@SeaFile ~]# more /proc/meminfo | grep -E ^[Ss]
SwapCached: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2097148 kB
Shmem: 10016 kB
Slab: 362212 kB
SReclaimable: 259924 kB
SUnreclaim: 102288 kB
[root@SeaFile ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep ^[Ss]
SwapCached: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2097148 kB
Shmem: 10016 kB
Slab: 362212 kB
SReclaimable: 259924 kB
SUnreclaim: 102288 kB
[root@SeaFile ~]#
7、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户;
[root@SeaFile ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep -v "/sbin/nologin"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
seafile:x:1000:1000:seafile:/home/seafile:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
tuser1:x:3004:3004::/home/tuser1:/bin/bash
hadoop:x:3005:3005::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]#
8、显示/etc/passwd文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户;
[root@SeaFile ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep '/bin/bash'
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
seafile:x:1000:1000:seafile:/home/seafile:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
tuser1:x:3004:3004::/home/tuser1:/bin/bash
hadoop:x:3005:3005::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]#
9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位数或两位数;
[root@SeaFile ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep x:'[0-9]\{1,2\}\>'
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/var/lib/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
[root@SeaFile ~]#
10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行;
[root@cobber7 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf | grep ^[[:space:]]
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64.img
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
[root@cobber7 ~]#
11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头,后面跟至少一个空白字符,而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行;
[root@cobber7 ~]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit | grep -E ^#[[:space:]][[:graph:]]+*
# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time
# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.
# Check SELinux status
# Print a text banner.
# Only read this once.
# Initialize hardware
# Set default affinity
# Load other user-defined modules
# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)
# Configure kernel parameters
# Set the hostname.
# Sync waiting for storage.
# Device mapper & related initialization
# Start any MD RAID arrays that haven't been started yet
# Remount the root filesystem read-write.
# Clean up SELinux labels
# If relabeling, relabel mount points.
# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already
# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
# The 'no' applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8).
# Check to see if a full relabel is needed
# Update quotas if necessary
# Initialize pseudo-random number generator
# Configure machine if necessary.
# Clean out /.
# Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin might...
# Clean up /var.
# Clean up utmp/wtmp
# Clean up various /tmp bits
# Make ICE directory
# Start up swapping.
# Set up binfmt_misc
# Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else.
# Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going,
# let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later
# create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout
# Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit
[root@cobber7 ~]#
12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’,后或跟空白字符结尾的行;
[root@cobber7 ~]# netstat -tan |grep LISTEN[[:space:]]*
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25151 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53905 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::41575 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::873 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN
[root@cobber7 ~]#
13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin),而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息;
[root@SeaFile ~]# grep "\(bash\):.*\1" /etc/passwd
bash:x:3006:3006::/home/bash:/bin/bash
testbash:x:3007:3007::/home/testbash:/bin/bash
[root@SeaFile ~]#
还要继续学习啊。