Android开发笔记

  1. 不要在RecyclerView的控件内容更新中做耗时操作,每个控件理想的就是仅仅进行set操作
  2. 在JavaWebsocket中添加cookie:
public class WebSocketExampleClient extends WebSocketClient {

    public WebSocketExampleClient( URI serverUri, Draft draft, Map headers, int timeout) {
        super( serverUri, draft, headers, timeout );
    }
    @Override
    public void onOpen( ServerHandshake handshakedata ) {
        Log.d("websocket", "open");
    }
    @Override
    public void onMessage( String message ) {
        final String msg = message;
        Log.d("websocket", msg);
        //Handle this message
    }
    @Override
    public void onClose( int code, String reason, boolean remote ) {
        Log.d("websocket", "closed");
    }
    @Override
    public void onError( Exception ex ) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }
}
public class SocketHandler {
    //Server IP address
    private static String localipaddress = "192.168.1.123";
    private static final String localWSSIP = "wss://" + localipaddress + ":9443/socket";

    private static final int TIMEOUT = 10000;

    public SocketHandler(String output, MainActivity main){
        SocketConnector socketConnector = new SocketConnector();
        socketConnector.sendString = output;
        socketConnector.main = main;

        socketConnector.execute();
    }

    private class SocketConnector extends AsyncTask {
        private String sendString;
        private MainActivity main;

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {
            PersistentCookieStore cookieStore = SingletonPersistentCookieStore.getInstance(main);
            final Cookie cookie = cookieStore.getCookies().get(0);
            try {
                Map cmap = new HashMap();
                String cookieString = cookie.getName()+"="+cookie.getValue();
                cmap.put("cookie", cookieString);

                URI uri = new URI(localWSSIP);

                WebSocketExampleClient webSocketExampleClient = new WebSocketExampleClient(uri, new Draft_17(), cmap, TIMEOUT);

                //This part is needed in case you are going to use self-signed certificates
                TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{new X509TrustManager() {
                    public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                        return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[]{};
                    }
                    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
                    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
                }};

                try {
                    SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
                    sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());

                    //Otherwise the line below is all that is needed.
                    //sc.init(null, null, null);
                    webSocketExampleClient.setWebSocketFactory(new DefaultSSLWebSocketClientFactory(sc));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                webSocketExampleClient.connectBlocking();
                webSocketExampleClient.send(sendString);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
  1. 实现导航栏的五种方式:
    navigationBar
    radioGroup
    textView + linearLayout
    tabLayout + viewPager
    tabHost
  2. 代码重用继承父类后,记得把子类布局加载到父类中去,否则控件不能重用
  3. 弹窗的实现方式:PopUpWindow和AlterDialog,两者区别: AlertDialog在位置显示上是固定的,而PopupWindow则相对比较随意,能够在主屏幕上的任意位置显示。
  4. activity与fragment相互发消息的几种方式:利用handle进行消息传递;利用接口调用方式进行通信;相互获取对象实例进行方法调用
  5. Java小数点位数保留的方法:-Java小数点保留
import java.math.BigDecimal;  
import java.math.RoundingMode;  
import java.text.DecimalFormat;  
import java.text.NumberFormat;  
import java.util.Formatter;  
  
public final class PrecisionTest {  
  
    private PrecisionTest() {  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 使用BigDecimal,保留小数点后两位 
     */  
    public static String format1(double value) {  
  
        BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(value);  
        bd = bd.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);  
        return bd.toString();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 使用DecimalFormat,保留小数点后两位 
     */  
    public static String format2(double value) {  
  
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.00");  
        df.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);  
        return df.format(value);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 使用NumberFormat,保留小数点后两位 
     */  
    public static String format3(double value) {  
  
        NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();  
        nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);  
        /* 
         * setMinimumFractionDigits设置成2 
         *  
         * 如果不这么做,那么当value的值是100.00的时候返回100 
         *  
         * 而不是100.00 
         */  
        nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(2);  
        nf.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);  
        /* 
         * 如果想输出的格式用逗号隔开,可以设置成true 
         */  
        nf.setGroupingUsed(false);  
        return nf.format(value);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 使用java.util.Formatter,保留小数点后两位 
     */  
    public static String format4(double value) {  
        /* 
         * %.2f % 表示 小数点前任意位数 2 表示两位小数 格式后的结果为 f 表示浮点型 
         */  
        return new Formatter().format("%.2f", value).toString();  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 使用String.format来实现。 
     *  
     * 这个方法其实和format4是一样的 
     */  
    public static String format5(double value) {  
  
        return String.format("%.2f", value).toString();  
    }  
}  
  1. jsonNew.getString("lat") returns the String "null" and not null. Use !jsonNew.isNull("lat") etc. for the checks.json字符串解析的时候,如果value对应为空,那解析出的值是“null”字符串,而不是null对象
  2. recyclerView实现点击,长按事件的方法:在adapter中回调viewholder的点击事件;重写recyclerView的OnItemTouchEvent类来利用gestureDetector判断点击事件
  3. 在fragment中为recyclerView添加点击事件时,如果用到SimpleOnGestureListener接口,fragment中new出这个接口时要判断是否为空,为空则new一个,不为空则不再new新的,否则点击事件回调用两次,如下所示:
public class SimpleRecyclerViewItemClickListener extends RecyclerView.SimpleOnItemTouchListener {

    private OnItemClickListener mListener;
    private GestureDetectorCompat mGestureDetector;

    public SimpleRecyclerViewItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener listener) {
        this.mListener = listener;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(RecyclerView rv, MotionEvent e) {
        if (mGestureDetector == null) {
            initGestureDetector(rv);
        }
        return mGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(e);// 把事件交给GestureDetector处理
    }

    /**
     * 初始化GestureDetector
     */
    private void initGestureDetector(final RecyclerView recyclerView) {
        mGestureDetector = new GestureDetectorCompat(recyclerView.getContext(), new GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener() { // 这里选择SimpleOnGestureListener实现类,可以根据需要选择重写的方法

            /**
             * 单击事件
             */
            @Override
            public boolean onSingleTapUp(MotionEvent e) {
                View childView = recyclerView.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(), e.getY());
                if (childView != null && mListener != null) {
                    mListener.onItemClick(childView, recyclerView.getChildLayoutPosition(childView));
                }
                return false;
            }

            /**
             * 长按事件
             */
            @Override
            public void onLongPress(MotionEvent e) {
                View childView = recyclerView.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(), e.getY());
                if (childView != null && mListener != null) {
                    mListener.onItemLongClick(childView, recyclerView.getChildLayoutPosition(childView));
                }
            }

        });

    }

    public interface OnItemClickListener {

        /**
         * 当ItemView的单击事件触发时调用
         */
        void onItemClick(View view, int position);

        /**
         * 当ItemView的长按事件触发时调用
         */
        void onItemLongClick(View view, int position);

    }
}

在fragment中初始化点击事件:

    private void setOnTouchListener() {
        if (mRecView == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (mTouchListener == null) {
            mTouchListener = new SimpleRecyclerViewItemClickListener(new SimpleRecyclerViewItemClickListener.OnItemClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
                   
                }

                @Override
                public void onItemLongClick(View view, int position) {
                
                }
            });
            mRecView.addOnItemTouchListener(mTouchListener);
        }
    }

如果没用到Gesture类的话,则貌似没有关系:


public class RecyclerViewTouchListener implements RecyclerView.OnItemTouchListener {

    private int mLastDownX,mLastDownY;
    //该值记录了最小滑动距离
    private int touchSlop ;
    private OnItemClickListener mListener;
    //是否是单击事件
    private boolean isSingleTapUp = false;
    //是否是长按事件
    private boolean isLongPressUp = false;
    private boolean isMove = false;
    private long mDownTime;

    //内部接口,定义点击方法以及长按方法
    public interface OnItemClickListener {
        void onItemClick(View view, int position);

        void onItemLongClick(View view, int position);
    }

    public RecyclerViewTouchListener(Context context, OnItemClickListener listener){
        touchSlop = ViewConfiguration.get(context).getScaledTouchSlop();
        mListener = listener;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(RecyclerView rv, MotionEvent e) {
        int x = (int) e.getX();
        int y = (int) e.getY();
        switch (e.getAction()){
            /**
             *  如果是ACTION_DOWN事件,那么记录当前按下的位置,
             *  记录当前的系统时间。
             */
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                mLastDownX = x;
                mLastDownY = y;
                mDownTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                isMove = false;
                break;
            /**
             *  如果是ACTION_MOVE事件,此时根据TouchSlop判断用户在按下的时候是否滑动了,
             *  如果滑动了,那么接下来将不处理点击事件
             */
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                if(Math.abs(x - mLastDownX)>touchSlop || Math.abs(y - mLastDownY)>touchSlop){
                    isMove = true;
                }
                break;
            /**
             *  如果是ACTION_UP事件,那么根据isMove标志位来判断是否需要处理点击事件;
             *  根据系统时间的差值来判断是哪种事件,如果按下事件超过1s,则认为是长按事件,
             *  否则是单击事件。
             */
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                if(isMove){
                    break;
                }
                if(System.currentTimeMillis()-mDownTime > 1000){
                    isLongPressUp = true;
                }else {
                    isSingleTapUp = true;
                }
                break;
        }
        if(isSingleTapUp ){
            //根据触摸坐标来获取childView
            View childView = rv.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(),e.getY());
            isSingleTapUp = false;
            if(childView != null){
                //回调mListener#onItemClick方法
                mListener.onItemClick(childView,rv.getChildLayoutPosition(childView));
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        if (isLongPressUp ){
            View childView = rv.findChildViewUnder(e.getX(),e.getY());
            isLongPressUp = false;
            if(childView != null){
                mListener.onItemLongClick(childView, rv.getChildLayoutPosition(childView));
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void onTouchEvent(RecyclerView rv, MotionEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(boolean disallowIntercept) {

    }
}
  1. 全面介绍Android上git的使用:
    全面介绍Android上git的使用一

    全面介绍Android上git的使用二

  2. fragment的复用

    private String mTitle;
    
    public static QFragment newInstance(String title){
        QFragment fragment = new QFragment();
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(KEY_FRAGMENT_TITLE, title);
        fragment.setArguments(bundle);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Bundle bundle = getArguments();
        mTitle = bundle.getString(KEY_FRAGMENT_TITLE);
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
    }
  1. activity之间的通信
    基于消息的通信机制 Intent ---boudle ,extra
    数据类型有限,比如遇到不可序列化的数据Bitmap,InputStream, 或者LinkList链表等等数据类型就不太好用。
    利用static静态数据,public static成员变量;
    基于外部存储的传输, File/Preference/ Sqlite ,如果要针对第三方应用需要Content Provider
    基于IPC的通信机制context 与Service之间的传输,如Activity与Service之间的通信,定义AIDL接口文件。
    基于Application Context
  2. fragment之间传递数据的三种方式:demo
    利用fragmentManager通过fragment_id获取目标对象实实例,进而传递数据
    利用回调
    利用eventBus,高效优雅
  3. 获取屏幕或组件的各种大小尺寸等
    获取屏幕分辨率:
//方式一, 通过WindowManager获取
  DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics();
  getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm);
  System.out.println("heigth : " + dm.heightPixels);
  System.out.println("width : " + dm.widthPixels);
// 方式二,通过Resources获取
  DisplayMetrics dm2 = getResources().getDisplayMetrics();
  System.out.println("heigth2 : " + dm2.heightPixels);
  System.out.println("width2 : " + dm2.widthPixels);
// 方式三,获取屏幕的默认分辨率
  Display display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
  System.out.println("width-display :" + display.getWidth());
  System.out.println("heigth-display :" + display.getHeight());
//方式四,通过getSize获取分辨率
  Display display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
  Point size = new Point();
  display.getSize(size);
  int width = size.x;
  int height = size.y;
  
  if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 13) { 
        display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay(); 
        Point size = new Point(); 
        display.getSize(size); 
        width = size.x; 
        height = size.y; 
      }else { 
        display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay(); 
        width = display.getWidth(); 
        height = display.getHeight(); 
      }

获取屏幕的像素密度:

//方法一
  DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics(); 
    dm = getResources().getDisplayMetrics(); 
  float density  = dm.density;        // 屏幕密度(像素比例:0.75/1.0/1.5/2.0) 
  int densityDPI = dm.densityDpi;  // 屏幕密度(每寸像素:120/160/240/320)
  //方法二
  dm = new DisplayMetrics(); 
  getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm); 
  density  = dm.density;      // 屏幕密度(像素比例:0.75/1.0/1.5/2.0) 
  densityDPI = dm.densityDpi;     // 屏幕密度(每寸像素:120/160/240/320)

获取屏幕的尺寸:

DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics(); 
  getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm); 
  double x = Math.pow(dm.widthPixels/dm.xdpi,2); 
  double y = Math.pow(dm.heightPixels/dm.ydpi,2); 
  double screenInches = Math.sqrt(x+y); //屏幕尺寸(英寸)

获取文字的大小:

TextPaint paint = textView.getPaint();
  float len = paint.measureText(string);

获取状态栏的高度:

//方式一
  public static int getStatusBarHeight(Context context){ 
    Class c = null; 
    Object obj = null; 
    Field field = null; 
    int x = 0, statusBarHeight = 0; 
  try 
  { 
    c = Class.forName("com.android.internal.R$dimen"); 
    obj = c.newInstance(); 
    field = c.getField("status_bar_height"); 
    x = Integer.parseInt(field.get(obj).toString()); 
    statusBarHeight = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(x); 
 } catch (Exception e1) { 
    e1.printStackTrace(); 
}   
    return statusBarHeight; 
}
//方式二:
  DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics();  
  getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm);  
  int width = dm.widthPixels;  //屏幕宽
  int height = dm.heightPixels;  //屏幕高
  Rect frame = new Rect();    
  getWindow().getDecorView().getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(frame);    
  int statusBarHeight = frame.top;  //状态栏高
  int contentTop =     getWindow().findViewById(Window.ID_ANDROID_CONTENT).getTop();
  int titleBarHeight = contentTop - statusBarHeight; //标题栏高

获得导航栏的高度:

public int getNavigationBarHeight(Activity activity) { 
  Resources resources = activity.getResources(); 
  int resourceId = resources.getIdentifier("navigation_bar_height","dimen", "android"); //获取NavigationBar的高度 
  int height = resources.getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId); 
  return height; 
}
  1. 当AndroidStudio出现莫名其妙的类无法找到错误时, 试着把软件关掉重启看看
  2. android:allowBackup="false" 备份有安全风险, 建议设置为false
  3. android:hardwareAccelerated="true"硬件加速开启, 提高渲染效率, 默认开启. 硬件加速的主要原理, 就是通过底层软件代码, 将CPU不擅长的图形计算转换成GPU专用指令, 由GPU完成.硬件加速原理
  4. Activity、Window、ViewRootImpl和View之间的关系
    ContextImpl:Context实现类。
    PhoneWindow:Window唯一实现类。Window是一个抽象概念,是添加到WindowManager的根容器。
    ViewRootImpl:ViewRootImpl是View的根,它控制了View的测量和绘制,同时持有WindowSession通过Binder与WMS通信,同时持有IWindow作为WSM的回调接口,用于例如touch事件的回调。
    WindowManagerImpl:WindowManager和ViewManager的实现类,通过WindowManagerGlobal与WMS通信。
    DecorView:继承FrameLayout,是视图树的根布局。
Android开发笔记_第1张图片
decorView.png

使用AS自带的tools/layout inspector可以看出,整个DecorView包含了三部分:navigationBarBackground为导航栏,statusBarBackground为状态栏,LinearLayout为当中内容部分,展开LinearLayout.FrameLayout,可以得到action_bar_container即actionbar或toolbar和content(R.id.content)即真正setContentView的目标。

  1. Android Context完全解析,你所不知道的Context的各种细节
Android开发笔记_第2张图片
image.png

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