参考文章
- 参考文章:【源码剖析】tinyhttpd —— C 语言实现最简单的 HTTP 服务器
- 参考文章:在Ubuntu下运行tinyhttpd及其测试例子
get和post请求格式
- get不带参请求格式
"GET / HTTP/1.1\n\n\n" - get带参请求格式(参数即url地址?后的部分)
"GET /?具体参数 HTTP/1.1\n\n\n" - post请求
"POST / HTTP/1.1\nContent-Length:119\n\nsongshiqixieaoxieao\n\n"意思是发送一内容长度为19的post请求。
具体分析
accept-request函数分析请求类型,get不带参数请求转serve_file函数处理,get带参数请求和post请求转execute_cgi函数处理。
serve_file函数发送请求头(headers函数)和html文档(cat函数)。
execute_cgi函数构造cgi_output和cgi_input2个管道,再fork出一进程,父进程负责与客户端之间的数据传输(读写),子进程通过cgi_input接收父进程接收来的信息,进行数据处理后,将要发送的信息通过cgi_output传递给父进程,父进程再发送给客户端。简而言之,父进程读写,子进程处理。
服务器代码
/* J. David's webserver */ /* This is a simple webserver. * Created November 1999 by J. David Blackstone. * CSE 4344 (Network concepts), Prof. Zeigler * University of Texas at Arlington */ /* This program compiles for Sparc Solaris 2.6. * To compile for Linux: * 1) Comment out the #include
line. * 2) Comment out the line that defines the variable newthread. * 3) Comment out the two lines that run pthread_create(). * 4) Uncomment the line that runs accept_request(). * 5) Remove -lsocket from the Makefile. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include union semun { int val; struct semid_ds *buf; unsigned short *arry; }; static int sem_id = 0; static int sem_id1 = 0; static int set_semvalue(int,int); static void del_semvalue(int); static int semaphore_p(int); static int semaphore_v(int); //pthread_mutex_t mutex; //sem_t father_sem; //整型 //sem_t son_sem; #define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x)) #define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n" clock_t start,end; void accept_request(int); void bad_request(int); void cat(int, FILE *); void cannot_execute(int); void error_die(const char *); void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *); int get_line(int, char *, int); void headers(int/*, const char **/); void not_found(int); void serve_file(int, const char *); int startup(u_short *); void unimplemented(int); /**********************************************************************/ /* A request has caused a call to accept() on the server port to * return. Process the request appropriately. * Parameters: the socket connected to the client */ /**********************************************************************/ void accept_request(int client) { char buf[1024]; int numchars; char method[255]; char url[255]; char path[512]; size_t i, j; struct stat st; int cgi = 0; /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI program */ char *query_string = NULL; /*得到请求的第一行*/ /*GET / HTTP/1.1\n*/ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); i = 0; j = 0; /*把客户端的请求方法存到 method 数组*/ /*用空格终止*/ /*strcasecmp忽略大小写比较字符串*/ while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1)) { method[i] = buf[j]; i++; j++; } method[i] = '\0'; /*如果既不是 GET 又不是 POST 则无法处理 */ if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST")) { unimplemented(client); return; } /* POST 的时候开启 cgi */ if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0) { printf("识别为post\n"); cgi = 1; } /*读取 url 地址*/ i = 0; while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < sizeof(buf))) j++; /*仍然用空格终止*/ while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < sizeof(buf))) { /*存下 url */ url[i] = buf[j]; i++; j++; } url[i] = '\0'; /*处理 GET 方法*/ if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) { /* 待处理请求为 url */ query_string = url; while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0')) query_string++; /* GET 方法特点,? 后面为参数*/ if (*query_string == '?') { /*开启 cgi */ cgi = 1; *query_string = '\0'; query_string++; } } /*格式化 url 到 path 数组,html 文件都在 htdocs 中*/ sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url); /*默认情况为 index.html */ if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/') strcat(path, "index.html"); /*根据路径找到对应文件 */ if (stat(path, &st) == -1) { /*把所有 headers 的信息都丢弃*/ printf("路径没找到文件\n"); while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); /*回应客户端找不到*/ not_found(client); } else { printf("路径找到文件\n"); printf("path:%s\n",path); /*如果是个目录,则默认使用该目录下 index.html 文件*/ if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) { // printf("6666\n"); strcat(path, "/index.html"); } /*文件权限:分别是所有者可执行、群组可执行、其他可执行*/ if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) || (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) || (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) ) cgi = 1; /*不是 cgi,直接把服务器文件返回,否则执行 cgi */ if (!cgi) { printf("cgi=0,进入serve_file\n"); printf("path:%s\n",path); serve_file(client, path); } else { printf("cgi=1,进入execute_cgi\n"); execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string); } } /*断开与客户端的连接(HTTP 特点:无连接)*/ close(client); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem. * Parameters: client socket */ /**********************************************************************/ void bad_request(int client) { char buf[1024]; /*回应客户端错误的 HTTP 请求 */ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, " Your browser sent a bad request, "); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n"); send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket. This function * is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been * easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat"). * Parameters: the client socket descriptor * FILE pointer for the file to cat */ /**********************************************************************/ void cat(int client, FILE *resource) { char buf[1024]; printf("7777\n"); /*读取文件中的所有数据写到 socket */ fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource); while (!feof(resource)) { send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource); } printf("cat读取完毕\n"); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed. * Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */ /**********************************************************************/ void cannot_execute(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* 回应客户端 cgi 无法执行*/ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "
Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based * on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the * program indicating an error. */ /**********************************************************************/ void error_die(const char *sc) { /*出错信息处理 */ perror(sc); exit(1); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Execute a CGI script. Will need to set environment variables as * appropriate. * Parameters: client socket descriptor * path to the CGI script */ /**********************************************************************/ void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path, const char *method, const char *query_string) { printf("进入execute_cgi\n"); char buf[1024]; int cgi_output[2]; int cgi_input[2]; pid_t pid; int status; int i; char c; int numchars = 1; int content_length = -1; buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0'; if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); else /* POST */ { numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) { buf[15] = '\0';/*切割方便比较*/ if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0) printf("buf[16]=%c\n",buf[16]); /*atoi函数为字符串转整型,这里取buf[16]的地址,为字符串转整型准备。*/ content_length = atoi(&(buf[16])); numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); } if (content_length == -1) { printf("bad_request\n"); bad_request(client); return; } } printf("测试bad_request content_length=%d\n",content_length); sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) { cannot_execute(client); return; } if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) { cannot_execute(client); return; } sem_id = semget((key_t)1234, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT); sem_id1 = semget((key_t)1235, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT); if(!set_semvalue(sem_id,1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize semaphore\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if(!set_semvalue(sem_id1,0)) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize semaphore\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if ( (pid = fork()) < 0 ) { cannot_execute(client); return; } if (pid == 0) /* child: CGI script */ { if(!semaphore_p(sem_id)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // sem_wait(&son_sem); // pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); printf("这是子进程,第一原子操作开始\n"); char meth_env[255]; char query_env[255]; char length_env[255]; dup2(cgi_output[1], 1); dup2(cgi_input[0], 0); close(cgi_output[0]); close(cgi_input[1]); sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method); putenv(meth_env); if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) { sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string); putenv(query_env); } else { /* POST */ sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length); putenv(length_env); } //printf("第一原子操作完成\n"); if(!semaphore_v(sem_id1)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); // sem_post(&father_sem); //将信号量的值加一 // sem_wait(&son_sem); // pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); if(!semaphore_p(sem_id)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); printf("服务器回应:\n"); // while (read(cgi_input[0], &c, 1) > 0) char dd[30]={'\0'}; //gets(dd); read(cgi_input[0], dd, sizeof(dd)); read(stdin,&dd,sizeof(dd)); printf("dd=%s\n",dd); execl(path, path, NULL); if(!semaphore_v(sem_id1)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); exit(0); } else { printf("这是父进程,信号量初始化\n"); /* parent */ // printf("这是父进程,son_sem=%d,father_sem=%d\n",&son_sem,&father_sem); // sem_wait(&father_sem); // pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); if(!semaphore_p(sem_id1)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); printf("这是父进程 第二原子操作开始\n"); close(cgi_output[1]); close(cgi_input[0]); if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0) for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) { recv(client, &c, 1, 0); printf("%c",c);/*不打\n换行符,无法显示?*/ write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1); } printf("recv完毕 第二原子操作结束\n"); if(!semaphore_v(sem_id)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); if(!semaphore_p(sem_id1)) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); printf("父进程 第四原子操作开始\n"); // pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); //将信号量的值加一 // sem_post(&son_sem); // printf("son_sem+1,son_sem=%d\n",son_sem); // sem_wait(&father_sem); printf("send:\n"); char d[40]={'\0'}; int di=0; while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0) { printf("%c",c); d[di]=c; di++; } d[++di]='\0'; send(client, d, sizeof(d), 0); printf("send完毕\n"); close(cgi_output[0]); close(cgi_input[1]); printf("父进程 第四原子操作结束\n"); del_semvalue(sem_id); del_semvalue(sem_id1); waitpid(pid, &status, 0); } } /**********************************************************************/ /* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline, * carriage return, or a CRLF combination. Terminates the string read * with a null character. If no newline indicator is found before the * end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null. If any of * the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the * string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a * null character. * Parameters: the socket descriptor * the buffer to save the data in * the size of the buffer * Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */ /**********************************************************************/ int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size) { int i = 0; char c = '\0'; int n; /*把终止条件统一为 \n 换行符,标准化 buf 数组*/ while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n')) { /*一次仅接收一个字节*/ n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0); /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */ if (n > 0) { /*上文已经将终止条件设定为\n,接下来考虑的是:如果是以\r\n为结束位和\r为结束位,该如何将其改为\n为结束位*/ /*对于\r为结束位,直接改为\n结束位*/ /*对于\r\n为结束位,将\r\n改为\n,作为结束位*/ /*收到 \r 则继续接收下个字节,因为换行符可能是 \r\n */ if (c == '\r') { /*MSG_PEEK撇一眼*/ /*使用 MSG_PEEK 标志使下一次读取依然可以得到这次读取的内容,可认为接收窗口不滑动*/ /*撇一眼判断是不是\r\n*/ n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK); /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */ /*但如果是换行符则把它吸收掉*/ if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n')) recv(sock, &c, 1, 0); else c = '\n'; } /*存到缓冲区*/ buf[i] = c; i++; } else c = '\n'; } buf[i] = '\0'; /*返回 buf 数组大小*/ return(i); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */ /* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on * the name of the file */ /**********************************************************************/ void headers(int client/*, const char *filename*/) { char buf[1024]; int ret=0; // (void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */ printf("headers开始\n"); strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n"); ret=send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); if(ret==-1) { printf("songshiqi\n"); perror("1send"); } strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING); ret=send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); if(ret==-1) { printf("songshiqi\n"); perror("2send"); } printf("headers中场\n"); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); ret=send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); if(ret==-1) { perror("3send"); } strcpy(buf, "\r\n"); ret=send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); if(ret==-1) { perror("4send"); } printf("headers结束\n"); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */ /**********************************************************************/ void not_found(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* 404 页面 */ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /*服务器信息*/ sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "
Not Found \r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "The server could not fulfill\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report * errors to client if they occur. * Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket * file descriptor * the name of the file to serve */ /**********************************************************************/ void serve_file(int client, const char *filename) { FILE *resource = NULL; int numchars = 1; char buf[1024]; buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0'; while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */ numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); resource = fopen(filename, "r"); if (resource == NULL) not_found(client); else { printf("sesource不为0,即将执行headers和cat\n"); headers(client/*, filename*/); cat(client, resource); } //sleep(1); fclose(resource); printf("线程已执行完毕\n"); end = clock(); printf("songshiqi\n"); printf("time=%f\n",(double)(end-start)/1000); } /**********************************************************************/ /* This function starts the process of listening for web connections * on a specified port. If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a * port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual * port. * Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on * Returns: the socket */ /**********************************************************************/ int startup(u_short *port) { int httpd = 0; struct sockaddr_in name; httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);/*创建一个TCP套接字*/ if (httpd == -1) error_die("socket"); memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name)); name.sin_family = AF_INET; name.sin_port = htons(11004);/*若端口为0,则系统随机选择一个未被使用的端口号,这里改为指定一个空闲的端口号*/ name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);/*系统自动填入本机IP*/ if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)/*socket绑定到制定的IP地址和端口号*/ error_die("bind"); if (*port == 0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */ { int namelen = sizeof(name); /*获取主机名,从而获取分配的端口号*/ if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, (socklen_t *)&namelen) == -1) error_die("getsockname"); *port = ntohs(name.sin_port); } if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)/*监听连接请求。5--backlog:系统维护的一个跟踪握手未完成的连接的队列的大小*/ error_die("listen"); return(httpd); } /**********************************************************************/ /* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been * implemented. * Parameter: the client socket */ /**********************************************************************/ void unimplemented(int client) { char buf[1024]; /* HTTP method 不被支持*/ sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); /*服务器信息*/ sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "
Method Not Implemented\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, " \r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "
HTTP request method not supported.\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); sprintf(buf, "\r\n"); send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0); } /**********************************************************************/ int main(void) { // pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); //初始化信号量 // sem_init(&son_sem, 1, 0); //将son_sem值置为1 // sem_init(&father_sem, 1, 0); //将father_sem值置为0 //sem_post(&father_sem); int server_sock = -1; u_short port = 0; int client_sock = -1; struct sockaddr_in client_name; int client_name_len = sizeof(client_name); pthread_t newthread; /*在对应端口建立 httpd 服务*/ server_sock = startup(&port); printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port); int songshiqi=1; while (1) { /*套接字收到客户端连接请求*/ client_sock = accept(server_sock,(struct sockaddr *)&client_name,&client_name_len); printf("there have a client,num %d\n",songshiqi); start = clock(); songshiqi++; if (client_sock == -1) error_die("accept"); /*派生新线程用 accept_request 函数处理新请求*/ /* accept_request(client_sock); */ if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, accept_request, client_sock) != 0) perror("pthread_create"); // sleep(1); // exit(1); } close(server_sock); return(0); } static int set_semvalue(int sem_id,int i) { //用于初始化信号量,在使用信号量前必须这样做 union semun sem_union; sem_union.val = i; if(semctl(sem_id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union) == -1) return 0; return 1; } static void del_semvalue(int sem_id) { //删除信号量 union semun sem_union; if(semctl(sem_id, 0, IPC_RMID, sem_union) == -1) fprintf(stderr, "Failed to delete semaphore\n"); } static int semaphore_p(int sem_id) { //对信号量做减1操作,即等待P(sv) struct sembuf sem_b; sem_b.sem_num = 0; sem_b.sem_op = -1;//P() sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_p failed\n"); return 0; } return 1; } static int semaphore_v(int sem_id) { //这是一个释放操作,它使信号量变为可用,即发送信号V(sv) struct sembuf sem_b; sem_b.sem_num = 0; sem_b.sem_op = 1;//V() sem_b.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO; if(semop(sem_id, &sem_b, 1) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "semaphore_v failed\n"); return 0; } return 1; }
客户端代码
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
/*服务器发送了3个包,客户端接收一个包,但量一样,保证量。*/
/*当前读取,当前读取,可能会漏读很多*/
/*关注recv阻塞*/
clock_t start,end;
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd;
int len;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int result;
char buf[] = "POST / HTTP/1.1\nContent-Length:119\n\nsongshiqixieaoxieao\n\n";
char get[1024] = {0};
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");/*本机IP地址*/
address.sin_port = htons(11004);/*tinyhttpd的端口*/
len = sizeof(address);
result = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
if (result == -1)
{
perror("oops:client:");
_exit(1);
}
start = clock();
write(sockfd,buf, sizeof(buf));/*发送请求*/
// time_t start,end;
// start =time(NULL);//or time(&start);
int ret=1;
int myalready=0;
int songshiqi=0;
sleep(2);
//ret=read(sockfd,get+myalready, sizeof(get));/*接收返回数据*/
//songshiqi++;
// myalready=+ret;
while(/*myalready<240*/1)
{
ret=read(sockfd,get+myalready, sizeof(get));/*接收返回数据*/
if(ret==-1)
{
perror("ret");
break;
}
//sleep(1);
songshiqi++;
myalready=+ret;
printf("songshiqi=%d ret=%d myalready=%d\n",songshiqi,ret,myalready);
}
end =clock();
printf("time=%lf\n",(double)(end-start)/1000);
/*打印返回数据*/
printf("-----------------------------show buffer -----------------------------\n");
printf("%s",get);
printf("----------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
close(sockfd);
_exit(0);
}