KickStart + DHCP + NFS + TFTP + PXE全自动网络安装Linux

 

KickStart + DHCP + NFS + TFTP + PXE 全自动网络安装 Linux

环境:Linux5.5(32bit)

IP:10.80.11.206

撰写人:hx10

日期：2010/7/7 hangzhou

Blog: http://hi.baidu.com/hx10

 

远程安装系统过程：PXE网卡启动------DHCP服务器------获得IP------从TFTP上下载pxelinux.0、
vmlinuz、initrd------启动系统------通过PXElinux去nfs下载ks.cfg文件-----跟据ks.cfg去nfs下
载RPM包及安装系统------完成安装

1． 搭建tftp,dhcpf服务器

#yum install tftp-server dhcp

#vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

 

service tftp
{
        disable = no
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -u nobody -s /tftpboot
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

需要修改2个地方

server_args         = -u nobody -s /tftpboot
disable                 = no

#cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

#vim /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
authoritative;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 10.80.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0    
{                        
option routers                                        10.80.11.1;
option subnet-mask                                 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name                                 "zjhcsoft.com";
option domain-name-servers 202.101.172.35;
range dynamic-bootp 10.80.11.220 10.80.11.240;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 10.80.11.206;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
}    

ddns-update-style interim;  /*dhcp支持的dns动态更新方式*/

ignore client-updates;       /*忽略客户端DNS动态更新*/

authoritative;         /*授权*/

allow booting;            /*支持PXE启动*/

allow bootp;               /*支持boottp*/

subnet 10.80.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 /*作用域*/

option routers                     10.80.11.1;    网关的IP地址

range dynamic-bootp 10.80.11.220 10.80.11.250; 分配给客户端的IP地址范围

default-lease-time 21600;     /*租期，秒数*/

max-lease-time 43200;       /*最大租期，秒数*/

next-server 10.80.11.206;      /*TFTPServer的IP*/

filename "/pxelinux.0";        /*Bootstrap文件*/

 

2.配置支持PXE

mkdir /disk

mount /dev/cdrom /media

cp –rf /media/* /disk

 

vi /etc/exports

/disk    *(ro,sync)

启动服务

service dhcpd start

service netfs start

service portmap start

service nfs start

service nfslock start

service nfslock start

 

mkdir /tftpboot     /*tftp的根目录

cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0  /tftpboot

cp /mnt/cdrom/p_w_picpaths/pxeboot/initrd.img  /tftpboot
cp /mnt/cdrom/p_w_picpaths/pxeboot/vmlinux   /tftpboot
cp /mnt/cdrom/isolinux/*.msg  /tftpboot

 

mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

vim /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 

default linux
prompt 1
timeout 10
display boot.msg
F1 boot.msg
F2 options.msg
F3 general.msg
F4 param.msg
F5 rescue.msg
label linux
 kernel vmlinuz
 append ks=nfs:10.80.11.206:/disk/ks.cfg initrdinitrd=initrd.img
label text
 kernel vmlinuz
 append initrdinitrd=initrd.img text
label ks
 kernel vmlinuz
 append ks initrdinitrd=initrd.img
label local
 localboot 1
label memtest86
 kernel memtest
 append –

设置timeout 10 /*超时时间为10S */

3.生成ks.cfg安装配置文件

#yum install system-config-kickstart

#system-config-kickstart

 

图片太多，省略，参考下面的配置文件  :)

 

#cp /root/ks.cfg /disk/

#vim /disk/ks.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Skip Installation Number key --skip
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=10.80.11.206 --dir=/disk
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$LnetDcQO$MA84zAEokdi/GCEElcqI20

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig --defaultdesktop=GNOME --depth=32 --resolution=1024x768 --startxonboot
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --size=100
part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --size=4000
part / --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1

%packages
@dialup
@base
@gnome-desktop
@development-tools
@chinese-support
@base-x
@admin-tools
@legacy-software-development
@legacy-software-support
@editors
@java

该文件如果从上面kickstart生成，不需要修改
clearpart --all –initlabel     #如果ks.cfg脚本中不添加该语句，将不能实现自动化安装

nfs --server=NFS服务器的位置 --dir=光盘的位置 或 系统安装文件存放的位置
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp（使用DHCP来实现自动分配IP地址）

 

我们再开启一台客户机进行测试，按F12选择PXE安装方式进行安装,如果出现要求输入

Would you like to enter an installation number的对话框，要求输入Linux5的序列号，

直接选择skip跳过去就可以了，安装完成后，网卡地址修改成固定IP，会发现无法ping通域名，重启系统就可以了。