写在前面
前面文章介绍了基于nginx实现ingress controller的功能，本章节接续介绍kubernetes系列教程中另外一个姐妹开源负载均衡的控制器：haproxy ingress controller。
1. HAproxy Ingress控制器
1.1 HAproxy Ingress简介
HAProxy Ingress watches in the k8s cluster and how it builds HAProxy configuration
和Nginx相类似，HAproxy通过监视kubernetes api获取到service后端pod的状态，动态更新haproxy配置文件，以实现七层的负载均衡。
HAproxy Ingress控制器具备的特性如下：
- Fast，Carefully built on top of the battle-tested HAProxy load balancer. 基于haproxy性能有保障
- Reliable，Trusted by sysadmins on clusters as big as 1,000 namespaces, 2,000 domains and 3,000 ingress objects. 可靠，支持1000最多1000个命名空间和2000多个域名
- Highly customizable，100+ configuration options and growing. 可定制化强，支持100多个配置选项
HAproxy ingress控制器版本
- 社区版，基于haproxy社区高度定制符合ingress的控制器，功能相对有限
- 企业版，haproxy企业版本，支持很多高级特性和功能，大部分高级功能在企业版本中实现
1.2 HAproxy控制器安装
haproxy ingress安装相对简单，官方提供了安装的yaml文件，先将文件下载查看一下kubernetes资源配置，包含的资源类型有：
- ServiceAccount 和RBAC认证授权关联
- RBAC认证 Role、ClusterRole、 ClusterRoleBinding
- Deployment 默认包含的一个后端backend应用服务器，与之关联一个Service
- Service 后端的一个service
- DaemonSet HAproxy最核心的一个控制器，关联认证ServiceAccount和配置ConfigMap，定义了一个nodeSelector，label为role: ingress-controller，将运行在特定的节点上
- ConfigMap 实现haproxy ingress自定义配置
安装文件路径https://haproxy-ingress.github.io/resources/haproxy-ingress.yaml
1、创建命名空间，haproxy ingress部署在ingress-controller这个命名空间，先创建ns
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl create namespace ingress-controller
namespace/ingress-controller created
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get namespaces ingress-controller -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2019-12-27T09:56:04Z"
name: ingress-controller
resourceVersion: "13946553"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/ingress-controller
uid: ea70b2f7-efe4-43fd-8ce9-3b917b09b533
spec:
finalizers:
- kubernetes
status:
phase: Active2、安装haproxy ingress控制器
[root@node-1 ~]# wget https://haproxy-ingress.github.io/resources/haproxy-ingress.yaml
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl apply -f haproxy-ingress.yaml
serviceaccount/ingress-controller created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-controller created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-controller created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-controller created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-controller created
deployment.apps/ingress-default-backend created
service/ingress-default-backend created
configmap/haproxy-ingress created
daemonset.apps/haproxy-ingress created3、 检查haproxy ingress安装情况，检查haproxy ingress核心的DaemonSets，发现DS并未部署Pod，原因是配置文件中定义了nodeSelector节点标签选择器，因此需要给node设置合理的标签
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get daemonsets -n ingress-controller
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
haproxy-ingress 0 0 0 0 0 role=ingress-controller 5m51s4、 给node设置标签，让DaemonSets管理的Pod能调度到node节点上，生产环境中根据情况定义，将实现haproxy ingress功能的节点定义到特定的节点，对个node节点的访问，需要借助于负载均衡实现统一接入，本文主要以探究haproxy ingress功能，因此未部署负载均衡调度器，读者可根据实际的情况部署。以node-1和node-2为例：
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl label node node-1 role=ingress-controller
node/node-1 labeled
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl label node node-2 role=ingress-controller
node/node-2 labeled
#查看labels的情况
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS
node-1 Ready master 104d v1.15.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-1,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/master=,role=ingress-controller
node-2 Ready 104d v1.15.3 app=web,beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-2,kubernetes.io/os=linux,label=test,role=ingress-controller
node-3 Ready 104d v1.15.3 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node-3,kubernetes.io/os=linux 5、再次查看ingress部署情况，已完成部署，并调度至node-1和node-2节点上
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get daemonsets -n ingress-controller
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
haproxy-ingress 2 2 2 2 2 role=ingress-controller 15m
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-controller -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
haproxy-ingress-bdns8 1/1 Running 0 2m27s 10.254.100.102 node-2
haproxy-ingress-d5rnl 1/1 Running 0 2m31s 10.254.100.101 node-1 haproxy ingress部署时候也通过deployments部署了一个后端backend服务，这是部署haproxy ingress必须部署服务，否则ingress controller无法启动，可以通过查看Deployments列表确认
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deployments -n ingress-controller
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
ingress-default-backend 1/1 1 1 18m6、 查看haproxy ingress的日志，通过查询日志可知，多个haproxy ingress是通过选举实现高可用HA机制。
其他资源包括ServiceAccount，ClusterRole，ConfigMaps请单独确认，至此HAproxy ingress controller部署完毕。另外两种部署方式：
- Deployment部署方式
- Helm部署方式
2. haproxy ingress使用
2.1 haproxy ingress基础
Ingress控制器部署完毕后需要定义Ingress规则，以方便Ingress控制器能够识别到service后端Pod的资源，这个章节我们将来介绍在HAproxy Ingress Controller环境下Ingress的使用。
1、环境准备，创建一个deployments并暴露其端口
#创建应用并暴露端口
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl run haproxy-ingress-demo --image=nginx:1.7.9 --port=80 --replicas=1 --expose
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
service/haproxy-ingress-demo created
deployment.apps/haproxy-ingress-demo created
#查看应用
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl get deployments haproxy-ingress-demo
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
haproxy-ingress-demo 1/1 1 1 10s
#查看service情况
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl get services haproxy-ingress-demo
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
haproxy-ingress-demo ClusterIP 10.106.199.102 80/TCP 17s 2、创建ingress规则,如果有多个ingress控制器，可以通过ingress.class指定类型为haproxy
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: haproxy-ingress-demo
labels:
ingresscontroller: haproxy
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
spec:
rules:
- host: www.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-ingress-demo
servicePort: 803、应用ingress规则，并查看ingress详情，查看Events日志发现控制器已正常更新
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-demo.yaml
ingress.extensions/haproxy-ingress-demo created
#查看详情
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses haproxy-ingress-demo
Name: haproxy-ingress-demo
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
www.happylau.cn
/ haproxy-ingress-demo:80 (10.244.2.166:80)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"haproxy"},"labels":{"ingresscontroller":"haproxy"},"name":"haproxy-ingress-demo","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"www.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"haproxy-ingress-demo","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 27s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-demo
Normal CREATE 27s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-demo
Normal UPDATE 20s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-demo
Normal UPDATE 20s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-demo 4、测试验证ingress规则，可以将域名写入到hosts文件中，我们直接使用gcurl测试，地址指向node-1或node-2均可
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# curl http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.101
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
Thank you for using nginx.
5、测试正常，接下来到haproxy ingress controller中刚查看对应生成规则配置文件
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it haproxy-ingress-bdns8 -n ingress-controller /bin/sh
#查看配置文件
/etc/haproxy # cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# #
# # HAProxy Ingress Controller
# # --------------------------
# # This file is automatically updated, do not edit
# #
# 全局配置文件内容
global
daemon
nbthread 2
cpu-map auto:1/1-2 0-1
stats socket /var/run/haproxy-stats.sock level admin expose-fd listeners
maxconn 2000
hard-stop-after 10m
lua-load /usr/local/etc/haproxy/lua/send-response.lua
lua-load /usr/local/etc/haproxy/lua/auth-request.lua
tune.ssl.default-dh-param 2048
ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!3DES:!MD5:!PSK
ssl-default-bind-options no-sslv3 no-tls-tickets
#默认配置内容
defaults
log global
maxconn 2000
option redispatch
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option http-keep-alive
timeout client 50s
timeout client-fin 50s
timeout connect 5s
timeout http-keep-alive 1m
timeout http-request 5s
timeout queue 5s
timeout server 50s
timeout server-fin 50s
timeout tunnel 1h
#后端服务器，即通过service服务发现机制，和后端的Pod关联
backend default_haproxy-ingress-demo_80
mode http
balance roundrobin
acl https-request ssl_fc
http-request set-header X-Original-Forwarded-For %[hdr(x-forwarded-for)] if { hdr(x-forwarded-for) -m found }
http-request del-header x-forwarded-for
option forwardfor
http-response set-header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000"
server srv001 10.244.2.166:80 weight 1 check inter 2s #后端Pod的地址
server srv002 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv003 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv004 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv005 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv006 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv007 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
#默认安装时创建的backend服务 ，初始安装时需要使用到
backend _default_backend
mode http
balance roundrobin
http-request set-header X-Original-Forwarded-For %[hdr(x-forwarded-for)] if { hdr(x-forwarded-for) -m found }
http-request del-header x-forwarded-for
option forwardfor
server srv001 10.244.2.165:8080 weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv002 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv003 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv004 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv005 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv006 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv007 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
backend _error413
mode http
errorfile 400 /usr/local/etc/haproxy/errors/413.http
http-request deny deny_status 400
backend _error495
mode http
errorfile 400 /usr/local/etc/haproxy/errors/495.http
http-request deny deny_status 400
backend _error496
mode http
errorfile 400 /usr/local/etc/haproxy/errors/496.http
http-request deny deny_status 400
#前端监听的80端口转发规则，并配置有https跳转，对应的主机配置在/etc/haproxy/maps/_global_http_front.map文件中定义
frontend _front_http
mode http
bind *:80
http-request set-var(req.base) base,lower,regsub(:[0-9]+/,/)
http-request redirect scheme https if { var(req.base),map_beg(/etc/haproxy/maps/_global_https_redir.map,_nomatch) yes }
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto http
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-CN
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-DN
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-SHA1
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-Cert
http-request set-var(req.backend) var(req.base),map_beg(/etc/haproxy/maps/_global_http_front.map,_nomatch)
use_backend %[var(req.backend)] unless { var(req.backend) _nomatch }
default_backend _default_backend
#前端监听的443转发规则，对应域名在/etc/haproxy/maps/ _front001_host.map文件中
frontend _front001
mode http
bind *:443 ssl alpn h2,http/1.1 crt /ingress-controller/ssl/default-fake-certificate.pem
http-request set-var(req.hostbackend) base,lower,regsub(:[0-9]+/,/),map_beg(/etc/haproxy/maps/_front001_host.map,_nomatch)
http-request set-header X-Forwarded-Proto https
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-CN
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-DN
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-SHA1
http-request del-header X-SSL-Client-Cert
use_backend %[var(req.hostbackend)] unless { var(req.hostbackend) _nomatch }
default_backend _default_backend
#状态监听器
listen stats
mode http
bind *:1936
stats enable
stats uri /
no log
option forceclose
stats show-legends
#监控健康检查
frontend healthz
mode http
bind *:10253
monitor-uri /healthz查看主机名隐射文件，包含有前端主机名和转发到后端backend的名称
/etc/haproxy/maps # cat /etc/haproxy/maps/_global_http_front.map
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# #
# # HAProxy Ingress Controller
# # --------------------------
# # This file is automatically updated, do not edit
# #
#
www.happylau.cn/ default_haproxy-ingress-demo_80通过上面的基础配置可以实现基于haproxy的七层负载均衡实现，haproxy ingress controller通过kubernetes api动态识别到service后端规则配置并更新至haproxy.cfg配置文件中，从而实现负载均衡功能实现。
2.2 动态更新和负载均衡
后端Pod是实时动态变化的，haproxy ingress通过service的服务发现机制，动态识别到后端Pod的变化情况，并动态更新haproxy.cfg配置文件，并重载配置（实际不需要重启haproxy服务），本章节将演示haproxy ingress动态更新和负载均衡功能。
1、动态更新，我们以扩容pod的副本为例，将副本数从replicas=1扩容至3个
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment haproxy-ingress-demo
deployment.extensions/haproxy-ingress-demo scaled
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deployments haproxy-ingress-demo
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
haproxy-ingress-demo 3/3 3 3 43m
#查看扩容后Pod的IP地址
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-5pgjt 1/1 Running 0 43m 10.244.2.166 node-3
haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-pst2q 1/1 Running 0 18s 10.244.0.52 node-1
haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-sr8tm 1/1 Running 0 18s 10.244.1.149 node-2 2、查看haproxy配置文件内容,可以看到backend后端主机列表已动态发现新增的pod地址
backend default_haproxy-ingress-demo_80
mode http
balance roundrobin
acl https-request ssl_fc
http-request set-header X-Original-Forwarded-For %[hdr(x-forwarded-for)] if { hdr(x-forwarded-for) -m found }
http-request del-header x-forwarded-for
option forwardfor
http-response set-header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000"
server srv001 10.244.2.166:80 weight 1 check inter 2s #新增的pod地址
server srv002 10.244.0.52:80 weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv003 10.244.1.149:80 weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv004 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv005 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv006 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv007 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s4、查看haproxy ingress日志，日志中提示HAProxy updated without needing to reload，即配置动态识别，不需要重启haproxy服务就能够识别，自从1.8后haproxy能支持动态配置更新的能力，以适应微服务的场景，详情查看文章说明
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl logs haproxy-ingress-bdns8 -n ingress-controller -f
I1227 12:21:11.523066 6 controller.go:274] Starting HAProxy update id=20
I1227 12:21:11.561001 6 instance.go:162] HAProxy updated without needing to reload. Commands sent: 3
I1227 12:21:11.561057 6 controller.go:325] Finish HAProxy update id=20: ingress=0.149764ms writeTmpl=37.738947ms total=37.888711ms5、接下来测试负载均衡的功能，为了验证测试效果，往pod中写入不同的内容，以测试负载均衡的效果
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-5pgjt /bin/bash
root@haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-5pgjt:/# echo "web-1" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-pst2q /bin/bash
root@haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-pst2q:/# echo "web-2" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl exec -it haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-sr8tm /bin/bash
root@haproxy-ingress-demo-5d487d4fc-sr8tm:/# echo "web-3" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html6、测试验证负载均衡效果,haproxy采用轮询的调度算法，因此可以明显看到轮询效果
[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102
web-1
[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102
web-2
[root@node-1 ~]# curl http://www.happylau.cn --resolve www.happylau.cn:80:10.254.100.102
web-3这个章节验证了haproxy ingress控制器动态配置更新的能力，相比于nginx ingress控制器而言，haproxy ingress控制器不需要重载服务进程就能够动态识别到配置，在微服务场景下将具有非常大的优势；并通过一个实例验证了ingress负载均衡调度能力。
2.3 基于名称虚拟主机
这个小节将演示haproxy ingress基于虚拟云主机功能的实现，定义两个虚拟主机news.happylau.cn和sports.happylau.cn，将请求各自转发至haproxy-1和haproxy-2
1、 准备环境测试环境，创建两个应用haproxy-1和haproxy并暴露服务端口
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl run haproxy-1 --image=nginx:1.7.9 --port=80 --replicas=1 --expose=true
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl run haproxy-2 --image=nginx:1.7.9 --port=80 --replicas=1 --expose=true
查看应用
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
haproxy-1 1/1 1 1 39s
haproxy-2 1/1 1 1 36s
查看service
[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get services
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
haproxy-1 ClusterIP 10.100.239.114 80/TCP 55s
haproxy-2 ClusterIP 10.100.245.28 80/TCP 52s 3、定义ingress规则，定义不同的主机并将请求转发至不同的service中
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
spec:
rules:
- host: news.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-1
servicePort: 80
- host: sports.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-2
servicePort: 80
#应用ingress规则并查看列表
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-virtualhost.yaml
ingress.extensions/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost created
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl get ingresses haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
haproxy-ingress-virtualhost news.happylau.cn,sports.happylau.cn 80 8s
查看ingress规则详情
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Name: haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
news.happylau.cn
/ haproxy-1:80 (10.244.2.168:80)
sports.happylau.cn
/ haproxy-2:80 (10.244.2.169:80)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"haproxy"},"name":"haproxy-ingress-virtualhost","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"news.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"haproxy-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"host":"sports.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"haproxy-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 37s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal CREATE 37s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal UPDATE 20s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal UPDATE 20s ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost 4、测试验证虚拟机主机配置，通过curl直接解析的方式，或者通过写hosts文件
5、查看配置配置文件内容，配置中更新了haproxy.cfg的front段和backend段的内容
/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 配置文件内容
backend default_haproxy-1_80 #haproxy-1后端
mode http
balance roundrobin
acl https-request ssl_fc
http-request set-header X-Original-Forwarded-For %[hdr(x-forwarded-for)] if { hdr(x-forwarded-for) -m found }
http-request del-header x-forwarded-for
option forwardfor
http-response set-header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000"
server srv001 10.244.2.168:80 weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv002 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv003 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv004 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv005 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv006 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv007 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
#haproxy-2后端
backend default_haproxy-2_80
mode http
balance roundrobin
acl https-request ssl_fc
http-request set-header X-Original-Forwarded-For %[hdr(x-forwarded-for)] if { hdr(x-forwarded-for) -m found }
http-request del-header x-forwarded-for
option forwardfor
http-response set-header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000"
server srv001 10.244.2.169:80 weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv002 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv003 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv004 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv005 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv006 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
server srv007 127.0.0.1:1023 disabled weight 1 check inter 2s
配置关联内容
/ # cat /etc/haproxy/maps/_global_http_front.map
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
# #
# # HAProxy Ingress Controller
# # --------------------------
# # This file is automatically updated, do not edit
# #
#
news.happylau.cn/ default_haproxy-1_80
sports.happylau.cn/ default_haproxy-2_802.4 URL自动跳转
haproxy ingress支持自动跳转的能力，需要通过annotations定义，通过ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect设置即可，默认为false，设置为true即可实现http往https跳转的能力，当然可以将配置写入到ConfigMap中实现默认跳转的能力，本文以编写annotations为例，实现访问http跳转https的能力。
1、定义ingress规则，设置ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect实现跳转功能
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: true #实现跳转功能
spec:
rules:
- host: news.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-1
servicePort: 80
- host: sports.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-2
servicePort: 80按照上图测试了一下功能，未能实现跳转实现跳转的功能，开源版本中未能找到更多文档说明，企业版由于镜像需要认证授权下载，未能进一步做测试验证。
2.4 基于TLS加密
haproxy ingress默认集成了一个
1、生成自签名证书和私钥
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -days 365 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...........+++
.......+++
writing new private key to 'tls.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:GD
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ShenZhen
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Tencent
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:HappyLau
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.happylau.cn
Email Address []:[email protected]2、创建Secrets，关联证书和私钥
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl create secret tls haproxy-tls --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
secret/haproxy-tls created
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl describe secrets haproxy-tls
Name: haproxy-tls
Namespace: default
Labels:
Annotations:
Type: kubernetes.io/tls
Data
====
tls.crt: 1424 bytes
tls.key: 1704 bytes 3、编写ingress规则，通过tls关联Secrets
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- news.happylau.cn
- sports.happylau.cn
secretName: haproxy-tls
rules:
- host: news.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-1
servicePort: 80
- host: sports.happylau.cn
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: haproxy-2
servicePort: 804、应用配置并查看详情,在TLS中可以看到TLS关联的证书
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-virtualhost.yaml
ingress.extensions/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost configured
[root@node-1 haproxy-ingress]# kubectl describe ingresses haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Name: haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 ()
TLS:
haproxy-tls terminates news.happylau.cn,sports.happylau.cn
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
news.happylau.cn
/ haproxy-1:80 (10.244.2.168:80)
sports.happylau.cn
/ haproxy-2:80 (10.244.2.169:80)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"haproxy"},"name":"haproxy-ingress-virtualhost","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"news.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"haproxy-1","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"host":"sports.happylau.cn","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"haproxy-2","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}}],"tls":[{"hosts":["news.happylau.cn","sports.happylau.cn"],"secretName":"haproxy-tls"}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: haproxy
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 37m ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal CREATE 37m ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal UPDATE 7s (x2 over 37m) ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost
Normal UPDATE 7s (x2 over 37m) ingress-controller Ingress default/haproxy-ingress-virtualhost 5、测试https站点访问，可以看到安全的https访问
写在最后
haproxy实现ingress实际是通过配置更新haproxy.cfg配置，结合service的服务发现机制动态完成ingress接入，相比于nginx来说，haproxy不需要重载实现配置变更。在测试haproxy ingress过程中，有部分功能配置验证没有达到预期，更丰富的功能支持在haproxy ingress企业版中支持，社区版能支持蓝绿发布和WAF安全扫描功能，详情可以参考社区文档haproxy蓝绿发布和WAF安全支持。
haproxy ingress控制器目前在社区活跃度一般，相比于nginx，traefik，istio还有一定的差距，实际环境中不建议使用社区版的haproxy ingress。
参考文档
官方安装文档：https://haproxy-ingress.github.io/docs/getting-started/
haproxy ingress官方配置：https://www.haproxy.com/documentation/hapee/1-7r2/traffic-management/k8s-image-controller/
当你的才华撑不起你的野心时，你就应该静下心来学习
返回kubernetes系列教程目录
附录
#RBAC认证账号，和角色关联
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-controller
---
# 集群角色，访问资源对象和具体访问权限
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- "extensions"
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
---
#角色定义
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-controller
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
- create
- update
---
#集群角色绑定ServiceAccount和ClusterRole关联
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-controller
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: ingress-controller
---
#角色绑定
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-controller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: ingress-controller
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-controller
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: ingress-controller
---
#后端服务应用，haproxy ingress默认需要一个关联的应用
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
run: ingress-default-backend
name: ingress-default-backend
namespace: ingress-controller
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
run: ingress-default-backend
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: ingress-default-backend
spec:
containers:
- name: ingress-default-backend
image: gcr.io/google_containers/defaultbackend:1.0
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
resources:
limits:
cpu: 10m
memory: 20Mi
---
#后端应用的service定义
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ingress-default-backend
namespace: ingress-controller
spec:
ports:
- port: 8080
selector:
run: ingress-default-backend
---
#haproxy ingress配置，实现自定义配置功能
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: haproxy-ingress
namespace: ingress-controller
---
#haproxy ingress核心的DaemonSet
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
labels:
run: haproxy-ingress
name: haproxy-ingress
namespace: ingress-controller
spec:
updateStrategy:
type: RollingUpdate
selector:
matchLabels:
run: haproxy-ingress
template:
metadata:
labels:
run: haproxy-ingress
spec:
hostNetwork: true #网络模式为hostNetwork,即使用宿主机的网络
nodeSelector: #节点选择器，将调度至包含特定标签的节点
role: ingress-controller
serviceAccountName: ingress-controller #实现RBAC认证授权
containers:
- name: haproxy-ingress
image: quay.io/jcmoraisjr/haproxy-ingress
args:
- --default-backend-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-default-backend
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/haproxy-ingress
- --sort-backends
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
- name: https
containerPort: 443
- name: stat
containerPort: 1936
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10253
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace