linux_oracle配置文档

一、安装

必须配置固定IP地址

1、系统需求

硬件需求：内存2G，SWAP4G ,磁盘空间大于8G，TMP大于1G

软件需求：

yum install elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -y

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm

用户环境：

groupadd oinstall&&groupadd dba&&useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
 
passwd oracle

mkdir /opt/oracle&&chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/&&chmod -R 775 /opt


[root@dbserver ~]# vim ~oracle/.bash_profile
……
ORACLE_BASE=/opt
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
ORACLE_TERM=xterm
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME LANG ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_SID PATH

内核要求:

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586


sysctl -p


会话要求:

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     pam_limits.so

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle           soft    nproc   8192
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  32768
oracle           hard    nofile  65536


reboot   以ORACLE用户登录

二、ORACLE安装

mkdir /opt/sourcedb

cp -rv /misc/cd/* /opt/sourcedb

cd /opt/sourcedb

./runInstaller -jreLoc  /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0

如果提示网络配置助手(net configuration assistant)出错，

关闭安装程序，删除产品清单目录，重新安装。

rm -rf /opt/oracle/oraInventory/



三、ORACLE配置

1、运行dbstart时启动数据库实例

vim /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle:Y

2、启动ORACLE数据库

ORACLE侦听器：lsnrctl status/start/stop
ORACLE企业管理器：emctl start/stop/status dbconsole

启动关闭ORACLE数据库：

dbstart/dbshut

vim /opt/oracle/bin/dbstart
把ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1替换为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
vim /opt/oracle/bin/dbshut
把ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1替换为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME


3、为避免手动启动ORACLE数据库,需将ORACLE注册为系统服务
vim /root/oracled

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 35 88 99
# description: Oracle Database Service Daemon.
ORACLE_BASE="/opt"
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
case "$1" in
  start)
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"         #//启用监听器
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"  #//启用数据库
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" #//启用OEM
    ;;
  stop)
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" #//停止OEM
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"   #//停止数据库
    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"          #//停止监听器
    ;;
  status)
    if(pgrep "tnslsnr" && netstat -anpt | grep ":1521") &> /dev/null
    then
        echo "Oracle 11g Net Listener is running."
    else
        echo "Oracle 11g Net Listener is not running."
    fi
    if(netstat -anpt | grep ":1158" && netstat -anpt | grep ":5520") &> /dev/null
    then
        echo "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager is running."
    else
        echo "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager is not running."
    fi
    ;;
  restart)
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac
exit 0


chmod o+x /root/oracled

cp /root/oracled /etc/init.d

chkconfig --add oracled
chkconfig oracled on

reboot



四、ORACLE数据库的维护


1、登录及退出命令

sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
exit

2、用户操作命令

create user wcg identified by "123456";
grant connect,resource to wcg;

select * from all_users where username='WCG'

alter user wcg identified by 654321;

drop user wcg cascade;


3、表操作命令

create table stu01(name char(16) not null primary key,password char(16) not null );

desc stu01

select table_name from all_tables where table_name='STU01';

drop table stu01;

4、记录操作命令

insert into stu01 values('wcg','123456');

DELETE FROM STU01 WHERE NAME='WCG';

UPDATE STU01 SET PASSWORD='000000' WHERE NAME='LY';

SELECT * FROM STU01;


5、数据库的备份与还原


a、环境准备

mkdir /opt/bakup&&chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/bakup

CREATE DIRECTORY dmpdir AS '/opt/bakup';

GRANT all ON DIRECTORY dmpdir TO wcg;


b、备份

expdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmp

c、还原

impdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmp REUSE_DATAFILES=Y TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE