[LeetCode] 54. Spiral Matrix

这道题的时间复杂度是O(N), 空间复杂度也是O(N)

这道题也是matrix的遍历,只是遍历的顺序是sprial,这种题的模版就是写出变化的delta,然后check新的点是不是在matrix的范围内,加上其他条件,这道题的条件是是否已经visit过,当满足就会发生一些变化,比如方向的变化。还有一个小的tip是如何循环delta,就是用次数除以变化取余数。eg. x%4

class Solution:
    def spiralOrder(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> List[int]:
        if not matrix:
            return []
        
        n_row, n_col = len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
        result = []
        visited = [[False for i in range(n_col)] for j in range(n_row)]
        row, col, x = 0, 0, 0
        delta = [[0,1], [1, 0], [0, -1], [-1, 0]]
        for _ in range(n_row * n_col):
            result.append(matrix[row][col])
            visited[row][col] = True
            new_row = row + delta[x % 4][0]
            new_col = col + delta[x % 4][1] 
            if self.will_change_direction(new_row, new_col, visited):
                x += 1
            row += delta[x % 4][0]
            col += delta[x % 4][1]
        
        return result
    
    def will_change_direction(self, row, col, visited):
        if row < 0 or row >= len(visited):
            return True
        if col < 0 or col >= len(visited[0]):
            return True
        if visited[row][col]:
            return True
        return False
            

 

这道题其实还有更好的空间解法,就是用四个变量,row_begin, row_end, col_begin, col_end,每次都要update这些值。leetcode上一个java的解法就是这样的,

public class Solution {
    public List spiralOrder(int[][] matrix) {
        
        List res = new ArrayList();
        
        if (matrix.length == 0) {
            return res;
        }
        
        int rowBegin = 0;
        int rowEnd = matrix.length-1;
        int colBegin = 0;
        int colEnd = matrix[0].length - 1;
        
        while (rowBegin <= rowEnd && colBegin <= colEnd) {
            // Traverse Right
            for (int j = colBegin; j <= colEnd; j ++) {
                res.add(matrix[rowBegin][j]);
            }
            rowBegin++;
            
            // Traverse Down
            for (int j = rowBegin; j <= rowEnd; j ++) {
                res.add(matrix[j][colEnd]);
            }
            colEnd--;
            
            if (rowBegin <= rowEnd) {
                // Traverse Left
                for (int j = colEnd; j >= colBegin; j --) {
                    res.add(matrix[rowEnd][j]);
                }
            }
            rowEnd--;
            
            if (colBegin <= colEnd) {
                // Traver Up
                for (int j = rowEnd; j >= rowBegin; j --) {
                    res.add(matrix[j][colBegin]);
                }
            }
            colBegin ++;
        }
        
        return res;
    }
}

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