MySQL备份恢复基础
一，mysqldump命令
mysqldump这个命令一般可以满足备份的大部分需要，因为这个工具支持全库备份，单库备份，单表备份，甚至逻辑备份，只备份表结构等等功能。
主要命令格式：
shell> mysqldump [options] > dump.sql
主要的一些参数：
-u ，--user 用户名
-p , --password 用户密码
-S ，--socket 套接字
-h , --host 指定连接的服务器
-P，--port 指定服务器的对应端口
--default-character-set 设置备份集字符集
-A ，--all-databases 备份所有数据库
-B ，--databases 导出某个或者某些数据库，数据库名以空格分隔
--tables 导出指定的表，格式为“数据库名 表名”，这个参数会覆盖-B参数
-l ,--lock-tables 锁定表，默认开启
--single-transaction ,对于支持事物的数据库引擎来说，保证了一致性，通常和-l一起工作，写作 --single-transaction -l， 其作用是取代其他引擎的 -x 参数。
-d, --nodata, 只导出对象的结构，不导出数据。
-t , --no-create-info , 只导出对象数据而不包含对象的结构
-F，--flush-logs ，一般在全库备份的时候需要先刷新日志，以方便恢复。
--flush-privileges , 备份前刷新一下权限。
-R , --routines , 导出存储过程，函数等MYSQL程序。
-E， --events ,输出event
--master-data=1/2 --1,记录备份后将继续回复的binlog 编号和位置。 2，编号和位置前有注释
一般以上参数适应了大多数的应用场景
对于myisam,比较常用的全库备份语句:
mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B -F -R --flush-privileges --master-data=2 -x --events | gzip > /data/backup/all.sql.gz
对于innodb，比较常用的全库备份语句：
mysqldump -uroot -p -A -B -F -R --flush-privileges --master-data=2 --single-transaction --events | gzip > /data/backup/all.sql.gz
二，备份脚本：
1.全库备份：
vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_full_backup.sh
#!/bin/sh
source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
DATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_full
DATA_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.sql.gz
LOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.log
MYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/bin
MYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock -A -R -x --default-character-set=utf8"
echo > ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "*** Executed command:${MYSQL_DUMP} | gzip > ${DATA_FILE}" >> ${LOG_FILE}
${MYSQL_DUMP} | gzip > $DATA_FILE
echo -e "*** Executed finished at at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/ -mtime +6)
do
if [ -d $tfile ] ; then
rmdir $tfile
elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then
rm -f $tfile
fi
echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
2. 分库备份：
vi mysql_full_backup_by_dbs.sh
#!/bin/sh
source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
DATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_full_by_dbs
if [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} ] ; then
mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}
fi
LOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.log
MYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/bin
MYSQL_CMD="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock"
MYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock --single-transaction -l "
echo > ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for dbs in `${MYSQL_CMD} -e "show databases" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "information_schema|mysql|performance_schema"`
do
echo -e "*** Database: ${dbs} Backup start at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}
${MYSQL_DUMP} -B ${dbs} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}_`date +%F''%T''%w`.sql.gz
echo -e "*** Executed finished at at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} -mtime +6)
do
if [ -d $tfile ] ; then
rmdir $tfile
elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then
rm -f $tfile
fi
echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
3. 分表备份
vi mysql_full_backup_by_tbs.sh
#!/bin/sh
source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini
DATA_PATH=/data/mysqldata/backup/mysql_full_by_dbs
if [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT} ] ; then
mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}
fi
LOG_FILE=${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/dbfullbak_`date +%F`.log
MYSQL_PATH=/opt/mysql/bin
MYSQL_CMD="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock"
MYSQL_DUMP="${MYSQL_PATH}/mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASS} -S /data/mysqldata/${MYSQL_PORT}/mysql.sock --single-transaction -l "
echo > ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "=== Jobs started at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for dbs in `${MYSQL_CMD} -e "show databases" | sed '1d' | egrep -v "information_schema|mysql|performance_schema"`
do
echo -e "*** Database: ${dbs} Backup start at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}
##${MYSQL_DUMP} -B ${dbs} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}_`date +%F''%T''%w`.sql.gz
if [ ! -d ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} ] ; then
mkdir -p ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}
fi
for tbls in `${MYSQL_CMD} -D ${dbs} -e "show tables" | sed '1d'`
do
echo -e "*** Tables: ${dbs}.${tbls} start dump at `date +%F''%T''%w` ***" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e " Execute Command: ${MYSQL_DUMP} --tables ${dbs} ${tbls} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}/${dbs}.${tbls}.sql.gz" >> ${LOG_FILE}
${MYSQL_DUMP} --tables ${dbs} ${tbls} | gzip > ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs}/${dbs}.${tbls}.sql.gz
echo -e " ### End ${dbs}.${tbls} Dump! Stop_time:`date +%F''%T''%w` ### " >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "*** Executed finished at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===" >> ${LOG_FILE}
echo -e "*** Backup file size: `du -sh ${DATA_FILE}` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "--- Find expired backup and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} -mtime +6)
do
if [ -d $tfile ] ; then
rmdir $tfile
elif [ -f $tfile ] ; then
rm -f $tfile
fi
echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}
eco -e "--- Find expired logs and delete those files ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
for tfile in $(/usr/bin/find ${DATA_PATH}/${MYSQL_PORT}/${dbs} -mtime +6)
do
if [ -f $tfile ] ; then
rm -f $tfile
fi
echo -e "--- Delete file: $tfile ---" >> ${LOG_FILE}
done
echo -e "\n=== Jobs ended at `date +%F''%T''%w` ===\n" >> ${LOG_FILE}