SpringBoot之redis缓存，注解方式

spring boot对缓存支持非常灵活，我们可以使用默认的EhCache，也可以整合第三方的框架，只需配置即可。SpringBoot工程使用Redis缓存，也是非常方便（网上许多博文都是自定义RedisTemplate配置来实现，其实就是将SpringMVC的实现方式照搬到了SpringBoot中来，繁琐的同时将SpringBoot的灵活性给丧失掉了），下面代码开始。

一、技术栈

spring boot
spring data JPA
Lombok
H2
Redis
Grandle

二、搭建spring boot工程

1、新建工程

新建spring boot工程，jdk1.8，具体步骤不做详述，下面是build.grandle：

buildscript {
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '2.1.1.RELEASE'
    }
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
    }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'

group = 'blob.louie'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
    maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
    maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/jcenter'}
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-cache')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-redis')
    implementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
    runtimeOnly('com.h2database:h2')
    compileOnly('org.projectlombok:lombok')
    testImplementation('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

2、基础配置

application.yml中配置H2数据库、Redis连接信息和jpa：

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:h2:mem:redis-cache
    driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379
  jpa:
    database: h2
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: create
  cache:
    type: redis

Application.java类添加@EnableCaching注解开启缓存支持：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class RedisCacheApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RedisCacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3、API开发，用户信息的增、删、查功能

实体类User.java:

package blob.louie.rediscache.entity;

import lombok.Data;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * user entity
 * @author louie
 * @date created in 2018-12-3 23:27
 */
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "b_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GenericGenerator(name = "uuid", strategy = "uuid")
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "uuid")
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String mobile;
    private String address;
}

@Data为Lombok插件提供的标签，需IDE支持（IDEA一定要设置Enable annotation processing），否则会报编译错误；

@Table、@Id均为JPA相关标签，对spring data JPA不了解的亲，只需理解这是实现ORM的方式即可；

特别说明：实体类要序列化，否则在作为接口参数时无法获取；

用户服务类实现UserServiceImpl.java(此处省略UserService接口类说明)：

package blob.louie.rediscache.service.impl;

import blob.louie.rediscache.dao.UserRepository;
import blob.louie.rediscache.entity.User;
import blob.louie.rediscache.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * user service implement
 * @author louie
 * @date created in 2018-12-3 23:33
 */
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private final UserRepository userRepository;

    public UserServiceImpl (UserRepository userRepository) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
    }

    /**
     * save use, put redis cache
     * @param user user data
     * @return saved user data
     */
    @Override
    @CachePut(value = "user", key = "#result.id", unless = "#result eq null")
    public User save(User user) {
        return userRepository.save(user);
    }

    /**
     * find user by id,redis cacheable
     * @param userId user id
     * @return if exist return the user, else return null
     */
    @Override
    @Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#userId", unless = "#result eq null")
    public User findUser(String userId) {
        return userRepository.findById(userId).orElse(null);
    }

    /**
     * delete user by id, and remove redis cache
     * @param userId user id
     */
    @Override
    @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#userId")
    public void deleteUser(String userId) {
        userRepository.findById(userId).ifPresent(userRepository::delete);
    }
}

@CachePut、@Cacheable、@CacheEvict是spring缓存相关标签，其中参数及其含义不做过多说明。

用户数据仓库UserRepository：

package blob.louie.rediscache.dao;

import blob.louie.rediscache.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * use repository
 * @author louie
 * @date created in 2018-12-3 23:36
 */
@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository {
}

JpaRepository为JPA提供的持久层接口，实现了多种常用的数据库操作方法，也支持自定义函数，只需在UserRepository中添加自定义的函数即可；

用户服务控制器UserController.java

package blob.louie.rediscache.controller;

import blob.louie.rediscache.entity.User;
import blob.louie.rediscache.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * user controller
 * @author louie
 * @date created in 2018-12-3 23:25
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {
    private final UserService userService;

    public UserController (UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @PostMapping
    public User saveUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        return userService.save(user);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/{userId}")
    public ResponseEntity getUser(@PathVariable String userId) {
        User user = userService.findUser(userId);
        HttpStatus status = user == null ? HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND: HttpStatus.OK;
        return new ResponseEntity<>(user, status);
    }

    @DeleteMapping(value = "/{userId}")
    public ResponseEntity deleteUser(@PathVariable String userId) {
        userService.deleteUser(userId);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
    }
}