Ubuntu操作mysql数据库命令

一、连接数据库

• 连接本地数据库

root@zhangshu-virtual-machine:/# mysql -u root -p     
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 608
Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 

• 退出数据库

mysql>exit(按回车)

二、操作数据库

• 创建数据库

mysql> create database demo_test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

• 显示数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| demo_sfabric       |
| demo_test          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin         |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 删除数据库

mysql> drop database demo_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 连接数据库

mysql> use demo_test;
Database changed
mysql>

• 查看状态

查看当前使用的数据库：
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| demo_test  |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

查看mysql数据库的版本：
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.19    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

三、操作表

• 创建表

mysql> create table user(
    -> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,
    -> name char(20) not null,
    -> sex int(4) not null default '0',
    -> password char(10) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> 

• 查看表

mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_demo_test |
+---------------------+
| user                |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 删除表

mysql> drop table user;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

• 获取表结构

mysql> desc user;
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(4)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name     | char(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex      | int(4)   | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| password | char(10) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 插入数据

mysql> insert into user(name,sex,password) values('zhangshu','1','123456');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 查询表中的数据

mysql> select * from user;
+----+----------+-----+----------+
| id | name     | sex | password |
+----+----------+-----+----------+
|  1 | zhangshu |   1 | 123456   |
+----+----------+-----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> 

• 修改表中的数据

mysql> update user set password='666666' where name='zhangshu';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> 

• 删除表中的数据

mysql> delete from user where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> 

四、备份数据库

• 导出整个数据库

把数据库demo_sfabric备份到当前根目录：
root@zhangshu-virtual-machine:/# mysqldump -u root -p demo_sfabric > backup.sql
Enter password: 
root@zhangshu-virtual-machine:/# 

• 导出一个表

导出new_permissions 表到当前根目录：
root@zhangshu-virtual-machine:/# mysqldump -u root -p demo_sfabric new_permissions > backup_permission.sql
Enter password: 
root@zhangshu-virtual-machine:/#

五、导入数据库

• 导入整个数据库

mysql> create database new_database;  /*创建一个新的数据库*/
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use new_database;   /*连接新的数据库*/
Database changed
mysql> set foreign_key_checks=0;    /*设置忽略外键*/
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /backup.sql;     /*导入根目录下的备份文件*/