Docker:修改Dockerfile替换软件源加快构建过程

ubuntu的Docker镜像默认使用美国源更新，使用Dockerfile构建时就会浪费更多时间，传输出错几率也大大增加。避免这个坑的办法是在构建过程中直接替换掉sources.list, 改成中国地区的源

在Dockerfile同级目录中准备一个相应版本的sources.list，里面的源换成比较快的，另外版本代号也要跟镜像对应起来（16.04对应xenial, 17.04对应zesty). 我使用16.04镜像，使用cn源，sources.list 参见尾部。

在Dockerfile中，使用类似如下代码：

FROM ubuntu:16.04

# Add custom china source
ADD sources.list /etc/apt/

这样在apt update之前替换掉软件源即可。
ADD指令的作用是将本地的文件加入到Docker镜像目录中去，可以理解为一个具有镜像中root权限的cp命令。

当前目录文件：

dir_content.png

Dockerfile：

dockerfile.png

sources.list for 16.04(xenial) using China source:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 17.04 _xenial Zapus_ - Release amd64 (20170412)]/ xenial main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse