iOS NSCharacterSet

简介
NSCharacterSet & NSMutableCharacterSet: 用面向对象的方式来表示一组Unicode字符。
经常与NSString及NSScanner组合起来使用,在不同的字符上做过滤、删除或者分割操作。

NSCharacterSet使用

系统提供的常用的创建NSCharacterSet的类方法

[NSCharacterSet controlCharacterSet]; //控制符的字符集
[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]; //空格的字符集
[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]; //空格和换行符的字符集
[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet]; //十进制数字的字符集
[NSCharacterSet letterCharacterSet]; //字母的字符集
[NSCharacterSet lowercaseLetterCharacterSet]; //小写字母的字符集
[NSCharacterSet uppercaseLetterCharacterSet]; //大写字母的字符集
[NSCharacterSet nonBaseCharacterSet]; //非基础的字符集
[NSCharacterSet alphanumericCharacterSet]; //字母和数字的字符集
[NSCharacterSet decomposableCharacterSet]; //可分解
[NSCharacterSet illegalCharacterSet]; //非法的字符集
[NSCharacterSet punctuationCharacterSet]; //标点的字符集
[NSCharacterSet capitalizedLetterCharacterSet]; //首字母大写的字符集
[NSCharacterSet symbolCharacterSet]; //符号的字符集
[NSCharacterSet newlineCharacterSet]; //换行符的字符集

通过自定义创建NSCharacterSet的方法
//返回一个指定范围的字符集,取自小写字母字符集
+ (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithRange:(NSRange)aRange;
//返回一个包含当前字符串的字符集
+ (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithCharactersInString:(NSString *)aString;
//返回包含由给定位图表示形式确定的字符的字符集,此方法对于使用来自文件或其他外部数据源的数据创建字符集
+ (NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithBitmapRepresentation:(NSData *)data;
//返回从位图表示中读取的字符集,存储在文件中给定的路径。
+ (nullable NSCharacterSet *)characterSetWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fName;

例如:

[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"Hello"];   //String中的文字组成的set  
[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithRange:NSMakeRange(48, 10)]];//ascll码,此处为(0-9)  
[[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] invertedSet];//数字之外的字符组成的set

判断一个字符是否在set中

//指定字符集是包含于在于当前字符集
- (BOOL)characterIsMember:(unichar)aCharacter;

例如:

[[NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet] characterIsMember:48];  //48是0的ascll码;

举例使用

去掉首尾空格

NSString *testString = @"      This is the string contains whitespace in beginning and ending     ";
NSString *whitesspaceStr = [testString stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]];
NSLog(@"%@",whitesspaceStr);

去除首尾指定字符串

NSString *str=@"哈哈呵呵嘿嘿吼吼";
NSCharacterSet *cs= [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"哈吼"];
NSString *strResult = [str stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:cs];
NSLog(@"%@",strResult);

用指定字符串替代当前字符中的指定字符集中的字符串

NSMutableCharacterSet *letter = [NSMutableCharacterSet lowercaseLetterCharacterSet];
NSCharacterSet *decimalDigit = [NSCharacterSet decimalDigitCharacterSet];
[letter formUnionWithCharacterSet:decimalDigit];
NSString *string = @"g8!hgr3@09#23uiq%^78sjn453t78&13gesg*wt53(545y45)q3at";
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:letter] componentsJoinedByString:@"_"]);
[letter invert];  //字母数字反转
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:letter] componentsJoinedByString:@"_"]);

去除所有空格

NSString *string = @"  a b  cd   ef gh ij    klm   nopq rstu v  w x   y z  ";
NSLog(@"%@",[[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]] componentsJoinedByString:@""]);

与NSPredicate结合使用压缩空格

NSString *string = @"  Additional    setup   after    loading the     view.";
string = [string stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];

NSArray *components = [string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet]];
components = [components filteredArrayUsingPredicate:[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"self <> ''"]];

string = [components componentsJoinedByString:@" "];
NSLog(@"%@", string);

只保留数字

- (NSString *)getNumber:(NSString*)number {
  
   NSCharacterSet* tmpSet = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789"];
   
   return  number=[number stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[tmpSet invertedSet]];
}

判断字符串是否只包含数字

- (BOOL)validateNumber:(NSString*)number {
BOOL res = YES;
NSCharacterSet* tmpSet = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789"];
int i = 0;
while (i < number.length) {
    NSString * string = [number substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];
    NSRange range = [string rangeOfCharacterFromSet:tmpSet];
    if (range.length == 0) {
        res = NO;
        break;
    }
    i++;
}
return res;
}

在UITextFieldDelegate方法中, 限制只能输入数字和小数点, 且第一位不可以输入小数点, 小数点只能输入一个

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string {
NSCharacterSet *cs;
NSUInteger nDotLoc = [textField.text rangeOfString:@"."].location;
if (NSNotFound == nDotLoc && 0 != range.location) {
    cs = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789."] invertedSet];
}else{
    cs = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789"] invertedSet];
}
NSString *filtered = [[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:cs] componentsJoinedByString:@""];
BOOL basicTest = [string isEqualToString:filtered];

if (!basicTest) {
    return NO;
}
return YES;
}

注意事项

尽可能的少创建可变字符设置(character sets).
缓存character sets,而不是不断重新创建character sets.
避免归档character sets作为对象,但可以存储到character sets文件当中 (归档将被复制到不同的归档文件,将导致磁盘空间的浪费)
当创建一个自定义sets时,不需要在创建之后进行改变,使用一个不可变character set作为最终的使用,或创建一个character set文件并存储到应用中.

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