hystrix的使用

hystrix

A service failure in the lower level of services can cause cascading failure all the way up to the user. 
When calls to a particular service is greater than circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold (default: 20 requests) and failue percentage is greater than circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage (default: >50%) in a rolling window defined by metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds (default: 10 seconds), 
the circuit opens and the call is not made. In cases of error and an open circuit a fallback can be provided by the developer.
  • How to Include Hystrix
    • To include Hystrix in your project use the starter with group org.springframework.cloud and artifact id spring-cloud-starter-hystrix
    • you can see here for more deatils.
  • Default fallback method should not have any parameters except extra one to get execution exception and shouldn't throw any exceptions. Below fallbacks listed in descending order of priority:

    • command fallback defined using fallbackMethod property of @HystrixCommand
    • command default fallback defined using defaultFallback property of @HystrixCommand
    • class default fallback defined using defaultFallback property of @DefaultProperties
  • 对于hystrix究竟是使用thread和semaphore,官网解释如下:

    • thread:请求是在一个单独的线程中执行,当前请求受限与线程池中线程的数量
    • semaphore:请求在当前线程执行,但是当前请求数受限于信号量计数大小。

    对于使用线程池的,有一层额外的保护防止网络超时。所以需要配置超时的,可以采用线程池的方式。
    在你的请求量很大,通常情况下达到每秒上百甚至更多的情况下,单个线程的请求量已经过高,此种情况才使用信号量。这种典型仅仅应用于非网络请求。

  • hystrix断路器说明
    我们看下目前代码中的配置:

    @HystrixCommand(commandProperties = {
          @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "5000"),
          @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "5"),
          @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "5000000"),
          @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "10"),
          @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.forceOpen",value = "false"),
          @HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.enabled",value = "true")
      },
          threadPoolProperties = {
              @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize", value = "30"),
              @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize", value = "101"),
              @HystrixProperty(name = "keepAliveTimeMinutes", value = "2"),
              @HystrixProperty(name = "queueSizeRejectionThreshold", value = "15"),
              @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.numBuckets", value = "10"),
              @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds", value = "10000")
          })
      public String hystrixTest() {
          log.info("into service......");
          test();
          return "hystrix";
      }
    
    • requestVolumeThreshold = 5,这里配置的是5,也就说时间窗口内最小的请求数达到5,如果是4,哪怕4个请求全部有问题,都不会出发断路器打开。有一点你要注意,你这里配置了fallback,且默认都fallback是开启的,在异常捕获的时候,也没有忽略任何异常,所以每次请求都会进入fallback方法,service方法也会进去。断路器没有打开。
    • 当你超过了5个请求,这个时候,你可以看到断路器开启了。此时fallback方法调用了,但是你进入不了service方法。sleepWindowInMilliseconds这个参数,如果设置了永久,那么你的断路器永远不会关闭。
  • 我们来测试下,超过5个请求后,percentage生效的情况。在第6池开始抛异常,我们看下日志:

2018-08-30 15:35:21.079  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 18 ms
2018-08-30 15:35:21.103  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-1] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:21.318  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:21.318  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:22.242  INFO 47508 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-08-30 15:35:22.295  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-3] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:22.297  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-2] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:22.297  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-2] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:23.184  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-4] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:23.186  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-3] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:23.186  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-3] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:24.048  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-5] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:24.049  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-4] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:24.049  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-4] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:24.863  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:24.865  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-5] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:24.865  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-5] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:26.328  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-7] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:26.329  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:35:26.329  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:35:26.329  INFO 47508 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : throw an exception....
2018-08-30 15:35:27.787  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-8] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:29.945  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-9] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:32.246  INFO 47508 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-08-30 15:35:34.064  INFO 47508 --- [io-8086-exec-10] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:35.770  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-2] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:35:36.971  INFO 47508 --- [nio-8086-exec-1] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...

我们可以看到,在第6哥请求的时候抛了一个异常。第7个请求无法进入,因为断路器开启了。我们设置第percentage是10%。符合预期。如果把这个值放大,会是什么结果?继续看下:

@Service
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "fallback")
@Slf4j
public class DemoService {

    @Autowired DemoClient demoClient;

    public static AtomicInteger number = new AtomicInteger(0);

    public Optional demo() {
        return Optional.ofNullable(demoClient.callDemo());
    }

    @HystrixCommand(commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "5000"),
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold",value = "5"),
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds",value = "5000000"),
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage",value = "50"),
        @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.forceOpen",value = "false"),
        @HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.enabled",value = "true")
    },
        threadPoolProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize", value = "30"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize", value = "101"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "keepAliveTimeMinutes", value = "2"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "queueSizeRejectionThreshold", value = "15"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.numBuckets", value = "10"),
            @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds", value = "10000")
        })
    public String hystrixTest() {
        log.info("into service......");
        test();
        return "hystrix";
    }

    public String fallback() {
        return "fallback";
    }

    public void test() {
        int num = number.addAndGet(1);
        log.info("into test method,not throw exception...");
        if(num>5) {
            log.info("throw an exception....");
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
    }

}

这里,把percentage调整到了50,我们看下日志:

2018-08-30 15:39:30.690  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-1] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:30.892  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:30.892  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:31.235  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-3] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:31.237  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-2] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:31.237  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-2] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:31.969  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-4] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:31.971  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-3] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:31.971  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-3] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:32.507  INFO 47514 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-08-30 15:39:32.849  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-5] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:32.851  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-4] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:32.851  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-4] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:33.947  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:33.949  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-5] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:33.949  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-5] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:35.329  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-7] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:35.330  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:35.331  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:35.331  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-6] com.brave.service.DemoService            : throw an exception....
2018-08-30 15:39:37.292  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-8] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:37.293  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-7] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:37.293  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-7] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:37.293  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-7] com.brave.service.DemoService            : throw an exception....
2018-08-30 15:39:40.416  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-9] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:40.417  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-8] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:39:40.418  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-8] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:39:40.418  INFO 47514 --- [x-DemoService-8] com.brave.service.DemoService            : throw an exception....
2018-08-30 15:39:41.848  INFO 47514 --- [io-8086-exec-10] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:42.512  INFO 47514 --- [trap-executor-0] c.n.d.s.r.aws.ConfigClusterResolver      : Resolving eureka endpoints via configuration
2018-08-30 15:39:47.632  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-2] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:39:48.811  INFO 47514 --- [nio-8086-exec-1] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...

我们看到从第六次开始抛异常,一直到第9次,然后就没有第10次了。>=50%了,断路器打开了。符合预期。
以上大家可以参照我测试第过程,便于大家更清楚的知道断路器的原理。至于scrollwindow和bucket,大家继续再按此方法测试吧,本地模拟不太方便。

  • 我们继续来看下execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds这个参数,我这里设置成5000,也就是说该方法5秒超时,在方法里,sleep了6秒,执行结果看下
2018-08-30 15:53:22.137  INFO 47619 --- [nio-8086-exec-2] com.brave.web.Demo                       : into controller...
2018-08-30 15:53:27.337  INFO 47619 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into service......
2018-08-30 15:53:27.337  INFO 47619 --- [x-DemoService-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into test method,not throw exception...
2018-08-30 15:53:27.347  INFO 47619 --- [ HystrixTimer-1] com.brave.service.DemoService            : into fallback....
  • 方法超时6秒,过了6秒继续执行,由于超时了,fallback也执行了。

网上很多杂七杂八的说明,其实都是翻译的官网,很多人看了一知半解,希望这个对大家了解参数有帮助。

你可能感兴趣的:(hystrix的使用)