《Android第一行代码》first reading 六

ListView绝对可以称得上是Android中最常用的控件之一。

ListView的简单用法:

首先listview是用来展示大量数据。那我们就应该先将数据提供好。当然数组中的数据是无法直接传给ListView的,这时候我们就需要适配器。例:ArrayAdapter。
在ArrayAdapter的构造函数中依次传入当前上下文ListView子项布局的id
以及要适配的数据。最后调用ListView的setAdapter()方法将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,就这样ListView和数据之间的关系就建立完成了。

定制ListView的界面

在大多数情况下,系统的ListView无法满足业务需求,这时候我们就需要对ListView的界面进行定制。

举个例子:
  1. 定义一个实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型
public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    ...
}
  1. 为ListVIew的子项指定一个我们自定义的布局

    
    

  1. 创建一个自定义的适配器,此适配器继承ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指向实体类:
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {
    private int resourceId;
    LayoutInflater mInflater = null;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context , int textViewResourceId , List objects) {
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);//获取当前项的Fruit实例
//将加载好的布局进行缓存,可重用
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null){
            view = mInflater.inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
//借助ViewHolder,将控件进行缓存,可重用
    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}
  1. MainActivity继承BaseActivity
//BaseActivity
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    protected Context mContext;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        this.mContext = this;
        int layoutId = getLayoutId();
        View contentView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(layoutId,null,false);
        setContentView(contentView);
        hideActionBar();
        initData();
        initView();
        initList();
    }
    /**
     *初始化数据
     */
    public abstract void initData();
    /**
     *初始化界面
     */
    public abstract void initView();
    /**
     *隐藏标题栏
     */
    public void hideActionBar(){
        ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar != null){
            actionBar.hide();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 获取布局文件的id
     *
     * @return
     */
    public abstract int getLayoutId();
}
//MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{
    private List fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    public void initData() {
        for (int i = 0 ; i<2 ;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void initView() {
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public int getLayoutId() {
        return R.layout.activity_main;
    }
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) {
//点击listView子项,弹出提示框显示该子项的Name
        Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

好至此就完成这个小例子了。

更强大的滚动控件——RecyclerView:

可以说RecyclerView是优化和强化过的ListView,Android官方也推荐使用RecyclerView。
举个例子:

  1. RecyclerView也属于新增的控件,所以要先导包。
    在app/build.gradle中:
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.2.1'
  2. 仿上一个ListView例子:
    同样准备一个Fruit类和fruit_item.xml,新建一个FruitAdapter类,让这个类继承自RecyclerView.Adatper,并将泛型指定为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder。
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter{
    private List mFruitList;
/**
*定义一个ViewHolder的类,在ViewHolder的构造函数中传入一个View参数,
 *这个参数通常为RecyclerView子项的最外层布局。
 */
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            fruitImage = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }
//构造函数,用于取数据源
    public FruitAdapter(List mFruitList) {
        this.mFruitList = mFruitList;
    }
//用于创建ViewHolder实例。在此,我们将子项布局加载进来,然后传入构造函数,最后返回viewHolder。
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
        ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
        return viewHolder;
    }
//用于对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值,会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内执行。
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }
//子项的个数
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mFruitList.size();
    }
}
  1. MainActivity
@Overridepublic void initView() {
    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
    LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
    recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
    FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
    recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}

初始化界面中,我们先获取到RecyclerView的实例,然后通过LinearLayoutManager对象以setLayoutManager()方法设置RecyclerView的布局方式(这里使用的LinearLayoutManager是线性布局的意思)
然后实例一个adapter,通过setAdapter()完成适配器设置。

实现横向滚动和瀑布流布局

其实实现横向滚动很简单,就如上面的例子。我们只要设置layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL)就行了。

RecyclerView能轻松实现这些效果的原因是RecyclerView的布局排列是交给LayoutManager管理的,而LayoutManager中制定了一套可扩展的布局排列接口,子类只要按接口规范来实现,就能制定出各种不同的排列方式的布局了。

同样RecyclerView还提供了GridLayoutManager和StaggeredGridLayoutManager这两种内置的布局排列方式。
GridLayoutManager:实现网格布局
StaggeredGridLayoutManager:实现瀑布流布局

实现瀑布流布局只要加这句就可以了StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
参数一:指定布局的列数;参数二:指定布局的排列方向,这里是纵向。

实现网格布局加这句:GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(GridLayoutManager.VERTICAL,3);
其参数与瀑布相似。

RecyclerView的点击事件

RecyclerView的所有的点击事件都由具体的View去注册。
举个例子:

...
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
    ImageView fruitImage;
    TextView fruitName;
//定义一个View接收子项的View
    View fruitView;
    public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
        super(itemView);
        fruitView = itemView;
        fruitImage = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        fruitName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
    }
}
...
@Overridepublic
 ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
    View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
    final ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
//注册子项点击事件
    viewHolder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            int position = viewHolder.getAdapterPosition();
            Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
            Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked view "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
);
//注册子项中的控件的点击事件
    viewHolder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            int position = viewHolder.getAdapterPosition();
            Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
            Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked image "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
);
    return viewHolder;
}

不得不说RecyclerView确实比ListView强大。

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