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本文出自Shawpoo的
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1、Firebase系列之---初探Firebase
2、Firebase系列之---Cloud Messaging/Notifications(云消息，推送)的使用
3、Firebase系列之—Realtime Database(实时数据库)的使用
Cloud Messaging
Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) 是一种跨平台消息传递解决方案，开发者可以使用它免费且可靠地传递消息和通知。
使用 FCM，可以通知客户端应用存在可以同步的新电子邮件或其他数据。 您可以发送通知来重新吸引用户和促进用户留存。 对于即时通讯等用例，一条消息可以将最大 4KB 的负载传送至客户端应用。
1、准备工作和连接Firebase
点击查看Firebase系列之---初探Firebase
2、引用SDK和编写代码
-
- 引用Firebase Cloud Message SDK
在app的build.gradle文件中添加：
- 引用Firebase Cloud Message SDK
dependencies {
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:9.6.1'
}
-
- 接收和处理通知的两种情况
下表来自官方文档：
| 应用状态 | 通知 | 数据 | 通知且携带数据 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 前台 | onMessageReceived | onMessageReceived | onMessageReceived |
| 后台 | 系统托盘 | onMessageReceived | 通知：系统托盘数据：Intent 的 extra 中 |
由上表可以得出，通知分为两种：
当应用处于前台时通知会回调onMessageReceived方法，如果想通知的话需要手动通知，并取到携带的数据。
当应用处于后台时，Firebase sdk会自动在系统托盘中通知，如果携带数据的话会回调onMessageReceived，如果点击通知栏的话取数据需要通过Intent获取。
-
- 添加通知所需Service和AndroidManifest.xml的配置
1.新建MyFirebaseMessagingService 继承FirebaseMessagingService
public class MyFirebaseMessagingService extends FirebaseMessagingService {
private static final String TAG = "MyFirebaseMsgService";
/**
* Called when message is received.
*
* @param remoteMessage Object representing the message received from Firebase Cloud Messaging.
*/
// [START receive_message]
@Override
public void onMessageReceived(RemoteMessage remoteMessage) {
// [START_EXCLUDE]
// There are two types of messages data messages and notification messages. Data messages are handled
// here in onMessageReceived whether the app is in the foreground or background. Data messages are the type
// traditionally used with GCM. Notification messages are only received here in onMessageReceived when the app
// is in the foreground. When the app is in the background an automatically generated notification is displayed.
// When the user taps on the notification they are returned to the app. Messages containing both notification
// and data payloads are treated as notification messages. The Firebase console always sends notification
// messages. For more see: https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging/concept-options
// [END_EXCLUDE]
// TODO(developer): Handle FCM messages here.
// Not getting messages here? See why this may be: https://goo.gl/39bRNJ
Log.d(TAG, "From: " + remoteMessage.getFrom());
// Check if message contains a data payload.
if (remoteMessage.getData().size() > 0) {
Log.d(TAG, "Message data payload: " + remoteMessage.getData());
if (/* Check if data needs to be processed by long running job */ true) {
// For long-running tasks (10 seconds or more) use Firebase Job Dispatcher.
scheduleJob();
} else {
// Handle message within 10 seconds
handleNow();
}
}
// Check if message contains a notification payload.
if (remoteMessage.getNotification() != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Message Notification Body: " + remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
sendNotification(remoteMessage.getNotification().getBody());
}
// Also if you intend on generating your own notifications as a result of a received FCM
// message, here is where that should be initiated. See sendNotification method below.
}
// [END receive_message]
/**
* Schedule a job using FirebaseJobDispatcher.
*/
private void scheduleJob() {
// [START dispatch_job]
FirebaseJobDispatcher dispatcher = new FirebaseJobDispatcher(new GooglePlayDriver(this));
Job myJob = dispatcher.newJobBuilder()
.setService(MyJobService.class)
.setTag("my-job-tag")
.build();
dispatcher.schedule(myJob);
// [END dispatch_job]
}
/**
* Handle time allotted to BroadcastReceivers.
*/
private void handleNow() {
Log.d(TAG, "Short lived task is done.");
}
/**
* Create and show a simple notification containing the received FCM message.
*
* @param messageBody FCM message body received.
*/
private void sendNotification(String messageBody) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, CloudMessagingActivity.class);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0 /* Request code */, intent,
PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
Uri defaultSoundUri= RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_stat_ic_notification)
.setContentTitle("FCM Message")
.setContentText(messageBody)
.setAutoCancel(true)
.setSound(defaultSoundUri)
.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
NotificationManager notificationManager =
(NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notificationManager.notify(0 /* ID of notification */, notificationBuilder.build());
}
}
2、新建MyJobService继承JobService
public class MyJobService extends JobService {
private static final String TAG = "MyJobService";
@Override
public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters jobParameters) {
Log.d(TAG, "Performing long running task in scheduled job");
// TODO(developer): add long running task here.
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters jobParameters) {
return false;
}
}
3、在AndroidManifest.xml中配置：
//...
如果点击通知栏的话为了避免重复打开Activity的话，需要设置Activity的启动模式为singleTask，意思为在当前栈中如果存在此Activity实例就不会重新创建，且此时会回调onNewIntent()方法。配置如下：
//设置启动模式
- 4）编写Activity和layout便于测试
Activity代码：
public class CloudMessagingActivity extends BaseAppCompatActivity {
private TextView mMessageText;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_cloud_message);
mMessageText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
}
@Override
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
super.onNewIntent(intent);
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
if (intent.getExtras() != null) {
for (String key : intent.getExtras().keySet()) {
Object value = intent.getExtras().get(key);
builder.append("键：" + key + "-值：" + value + "\n");
}
mMessageText.setText(builder.toString());
}
}
}
activity_cloud_message很简单就一个TextView用于显示接收到的值：
运行效果如下：
前台运行
3、通过Firebase控制台发送消息并测试
这里我们测试一下当应用在后台运行时，控制台发送消息并携带值的情况：
1、在Firebase控制台填写信息并发送：
填写消息内容
填写标题及携带的数据
2、手机执行效果
可以看到手机已经收到控制台发送的消息：
接收通知
当点击通知栏的话会将在控制台填写的自定义数据获取到并显示（也有firebase默认的key-value）：
处理通知
顺便我也测试了当APP在前台运行时也可以接收到携带的数据，如果需要的话对数据进行处理即可：
处于前台运行
Firebase的Cloud Message功能就是这样，本文只是此功能的一个测试用例，如要完成项目业务，可以自行扩展。如果错误或建议，请多多指教。