使用@Named注解绑定多个实现(java,scala)

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1.背景

最近项目中使用了guice作为依赖注入的框架。碰到一个如下的场景:
定义了一个从不同渠道输入数据的接口AbstractImporter,设计之初的目标是抽象从hdfs,kafka,DBMS等数据源输入数据处理。那么对应的实现就会有HdfsImporter,KafkaImporter,即一个接口对应多个实现。google官方的文档提供了两种实现方法:1.给每一个绑定对应写一个自定义注解,2.使用@Named注解。第二个方法的好处是不用为每个绑定写一个自定义注解,类似于spring中的@Resource,于是果断采用第二种方式,但是google文档上关于如何实现写的不是很详细,而且好多文章中给的都是类似下面的错误实现:

public class PlayerModule implements Module{
   public void configure(Binder binder) {
       binder.bind(Player.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Good")).to(
           GoodPlayer.class);
       binder.bind(Player.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Bad")).to(
       BadPlayer.class);        
   }
}

//现在在客户端代码中,我们将使用 @Named() annotation来获取注释。
@Named("Good") Player goodPlayer = (Player)injector.getInstance(Player.class);
@Named("Bad") Player badPlayer = (Player)injector.getInstance(Player.class);

一跑就会报“接口没有绑定实现类”的错误,非常的蛋疼!

2.总结

后来受guice文档上简短代码片段的启发加上自己的领悟,终于解决了这个问题。回头想想导致整个问题的原因是自己盲目相信网上的文章且对guice作为一个依赖注入框架的认识不深导致的。下面贴出能正确运行的代码:

//接口
package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;
public interface People {
    public void setId(int id);
}
package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;
//实现类
public class Student implements People {
    public void setId(int id) {

        System.out.println(id);
    }
}
package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;
//实现类
public class Teacher implements People {
    public void setId(int id) {
        System.out.println(id);
    }
}
package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;

import com.google.inject.Binder;
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.google.inject.name.Names;
//module类,绑定实现类到接口
public class JuiceModule implements Module {
    public void configure(Binder binder) {
        binder.bind(People.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Teacher")).to(Teacher.class);
        binder.bind(People.class).annotatedWith(Names.named("Student")).to(Student.class);
    }
}

重要的代码段,如何使用@Named绑定多个实现

package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;

import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.name.Named;

public class InjectionConfig {

    private People student;
    private People teacher;

    public People getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    @Inject
    public void setStudent(@Named("Student") People student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    public People getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }

    @Inject
    public void setTeacher(@Named("Teacher") People teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
}
package net.bigdataer.demo.juice;

import com.google.inject.Guice;
import com.google.inject.Injector;

public class NameMain {

    public static void main(String[] args){
       Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new JuiceModule());
        InjectionConfig config = injector.getInstance(InjectionConfig.class);
        People teacher = config.getTeacher();
        teacher.setId(2);

        People student = config.getStudent();
        student.setId(23);
    }
}

3.升华

因为guice框架是用在我的项目中的,而整个项目是用scala语言写的,所以我也测试了guice在scala中的使用。总体感觉就是配合scala的语法,用起来非常爽。贴一下对应java中InjectionConfig类的scala实现:

package net.bigdataer.demo.juice

import com.google.inject.Inject
import com.google.inject.name.Named

class SInjectionConfig {

  //使用named注解绑定多个实现
  @Inject
  @Named("Teacher")
   var teacher:SPeople = _

  @Inject
  @Named("Student")
   var student:SPeople = _

  //普通绑定,绑定一个实现
  @Inject
  var log:Log = _
}

代码量不是一般的少。完整的demo放在了github上,地址:https://github.com/bigdataer01/scala-guice-demo

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