pple定义的系统框架的API中,对Block的使用也比较集中,主要在动画、通知等等几个方面,因此,对于普通开发者来说,重点掌握系统框架API中Block的使用也是比较有必要的。
1、系统框架API中的Block
在iOS4以后,越来越多的系统级的API在使用Block。苹果对于Block的使用主要集中在如下几个方面:
完成处理–Completion Handlers
通知处理–Notification Handlers
错误处理–Error Handlers
枚举–Enumeration
动画与形变–View Animation and Transitions
分类–Sorting
线程管理:GCD/NSOperation
接下来,给大家介绍几个常用的。
2、动画与形变
在UIView类的定义中,提供了若干个包含Block参数的方法,用来设置动画,例如修改View的大小、位置、透明度等等。
@interfaceUIView(UIViewAnimationWithBlocks)
+(void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration delay:(NSTimeInterval)delay options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options animations:(void(^)(void))animations completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
+(void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration animations:(void(^)(void))animations completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);// delay = 0.0, options = 0
+(void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration animations:(void(^)(void))animations NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);// delay = 0.0, options = 0, completion = NULL
+(void)animateWithDuration:(NSTimeInterval)duration delay:(NSTimeInterval)delay usingSpringWithDamping:(CGFloat)dampingRatio initialSpringVelocity:(CGFloat)velocity options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options animations:(void(^)(void))animations completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
+(void)transitionWithView:(UIView*)view duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options animations:(void(^__nullable)(void))animations completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
+(void)transitionFromView:(UIView*)fromView toView:(UIView*)toView duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);// toView added to fromView.superview, fromView removed from its superview
+(void)performSystemAnimation:(UISystemAnimation)animation onViews:(NSArray*)views options:(UIViewAnimationOptions)options animations:(void(^__nullable)(void))parallelAnimations completion:(void(^__nullable)(BOOL finished))completion NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
@end
示例:
[UIViewanimateWithDuration:0.2animations:^{
view.alpha=0.0;
}completion:^(BOOL finished){
[view removeFromSuperview];
}];
3、完成与错误处理
完成处理Block在某个动作完成后,通过回调的方式进行执行。错误处理Block会在执行某个操作时,假如发生错误而被执行。
-(IBAction)pressBtn:(id)sender{
CGRectcacheFrame=self.imageView.frame;
[UIViewanimateWithDuration:1.5animations:^{//播放动画Block
CGRectnewFrame=self.imageView.frame;
newFrame.origin.y=newFrame.origin.y+150.0;
self.imageView.frame=newFrame;
self.imageView.alpha=0.2;
}
completion:^(BOOL finished){//结束回调Block
if(finished){
// Revert image view to original.
self.imageView.frame=cacheFrame;
self.imageView.alpha=1.0;
}
}];
}
4、通知
在注册通知观察者中,有如下的方法,可以在添加/注册观察者时,编写收到通知后需要执行的Block代码。使用这个方法来注册通知,可以使代码简单明了。
-(id)addObserverForName:(nullableNSString*)nameobject:(nullable id)obj queue:(nullableNSOperationQueue*)queue usingBlock:(void(^)(NSNotification*note))block;
示例:
-(void)viewDidLoad{
[superviewDidLoad];
//注册观察者
[[NSNotificationCenterdefaultCenter]addObserverForName:@"AnimationCompleted"
object:nilqueue:[NSOperationQueuemainQueue]
usingBlock:^(NSNotification*notif){
NSLog(@"ViewController动画结束");
}];
}
5、线程操作(GCD/NSOperation)
在有关线程操作的GCD以及NSOperation中,也会使用到Block。例如,延迟执行方法。
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,(int64_t)(1.0*NSEC_PER_SEC)),dispatch_get_main_queue(),^{
//延迟N秒后执行的代码
});