1.turn upside down：with the top part at the bottom or lower than the bottom part
Eg：The car landed upside down in a ditch.
2.turbine：an engine or a machine that uses the pressure of liquid or gas on a wheel to get power
3.photovoltaic：producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy (especially light）
4.blanket：to cover sth completely with a thick layer以厚层覆盖
Eg：Snow soon blanketed the frozen ground.冻土上很快就形成了一层厚厚的积雪。
5.manure：the waste matter from animals that is spread over or mixed with the soil to help plants and crops grow粪肥；肥料
6.handsome：a handsome amount of money is large
Eg：The company expects handsome profits from its phone business.
7.pocket：to earn or win an amount of money挣；赚下
Eg：Last year, she pocketed over $1 million in advertising contracts.去年，她从广告合同中赚了 100 多万元。
8.anathema:something that you strongly dislike or strongly disagree with
Eg:Conservatives have long regarded state intervention in the family as anathema.
anathema to:The idea of working late was complete anathema to him.
9.incumbent:necessary as part of sb's duties有责任；必须履行
Eg:It was incumbent on them to attend.他们必须出席。
10.perennial:continuing for a very long time; happening again and again长久的；持续的；反复出现的
◆the perennial problem of water shortage缺水这个老问题
11.glut:a situation in which there is more of sth than is needed or can be used供应过剩；供过于求
Eg:DVDs on the market市场上供过于求的廉价 DVD
12.stark:complete and total完全的；十足的
◆The children watched in stark terror.孩子们极端恐惧地看着。
13.slump:to fall in price, value, number, etc, suddenly and by a large amount（价格、价值、数量等）骤降，猛跌，锐减
◆Sales have slumped this year.今年销售量锐减。
14.marginal:small and not important小的；微不足道的；不重要的
◆a marginal improvement in weather conditions天气条件的略微好转
15.doldrum:a lack of activity or improvement无生气；停滞；萧条
Eg:Despite these measures, the economy remainsin the doldrums.尽管采取了这些措施，经济仍然停滞不前。
16.cling on:to stick to or fit very tightly on something
Eg:Gareth’s dripping clothes clung to his body.
17.insulate:to protect sb/sth from unpleasant experiences or influences使免除（不愉快的经历）；使免受（不良影响）；隔离
Eg:The president was insulated from the pressure of public opinion
18.cannibalise:(公司中一种产品)损害，冲击（其他产品的销量）If one of a company's productscannibalizesthe company's sales, people buy it instead of any of the company's other products.
Eg:A website need not cannibalise existing sales.网站并不妨碍目前的销售。
19.shy away:to avoid someone, or to be unwilling to do something, because you are nervous, afraid, or not confident
20.buck the trend:to resist or oppose sth抵制；反抗
◆One or two companies have managed tobuck the trendof the recession.有一两家公司顶住了经济滑坡的势头。
21.dry up:to stop being available
Eg:What will happen to the project when the money dries up?
22.eat into:消耗，耗费（时间或资源）If somethingeats intoyour time or your resources, it uses them, when they should be used for other things.
•Responsibilities at home and workeat intohis time...家庭和工作的双重负担耗费了他的时间。
23.precipitous:happening more quickly than expected
Eg:a precipitous decline in population