09讲

## Lesson 15

### New words and expressions 生词和短语

1. customs n. 海关

- custom n. 风俗习惯

2. officer n. 官员

- office n. 办公室

3. girl n. 女孩，姑娘

- boy 男孩

- girlfriend 女朋友

- boyfriend 男朋友

4. Danish adj. & n. 丹麦的，丹麦人，丹麦语

- Denmark n. 丹麦

5. friend n. 朋友

> e.g. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情

- friendly adj. 友好的

- a friendly smile

6. Norwegian adj. & n. 挪威的，挪威人

- Norway n. 挪威

7. passport n. 护照

- pass v. 通过

- port n. 港口

- visa 签证

8. brown n. 棕色的

9. tourist n. 旅游者

- tour v. n. 旅行

> -ist 表示“人”的后缀

- artist 艺术家

- scientist 科学家

### 将课文中句子的复数变为单数

```

Are you Swedish?

No,I am not.

I am Danish.

Is your friend Danish,too?

No she isn't.

She is Norwegian.

Your passport,please.

Here it is.

Is this your case?

No it isn't.

My case is brown.

Here it is.

Are you a tourist?

Yes,i am.

Is your friend a tourist too?

Yes,she is.

That's fine.

Thank you very much.

```

### 名词变复数

英文中名词分可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，指一个以上事物时用复数。

#### 如何区分可数不可数

- 最可靠的是查字典

- 一般来说有具体形状的事物是可数名词

- 没有固定形状的是不可数名词

#### 名词变复数规则：

1. 一般名词词尾加-s构成复数

```

e.g. friend-friends

case -cases

handbag-bandbags

umbrella-umbrellas

```

2. 以-s -x -ch -sh 和部分o结尾的词词尾加-es

```

e.g. dress-dresses

box-boxes

watch-watches

dish-dishes

tomato-tomatoes

potato-potatoes

photo-photos

```

3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词把y变i再加-es

```

e.g. baby-babies

city-cities

```

- 注意：以元音字母+y结尾的单词复数加-s

```

boy-boys

key-keys

```

4. 以-f,-fe结尾的单词把-f,-fe变为v再加-es

```

wife-wives

wolf-wolves

```

5. man,woman及以其结尾的名词把man变为men,woman变为women

```

policeman-policemen

policewoman-policewomen

```

6. 不规则名词复数需要单独记忆

```

tooth-teeth

child-childen

```